Vol. 32 No. 2 (2018)

The relevance of the study is determined by the need to analyze the reforms of public administration in European countries, taking into account the experience and difficulties in implementing the reform of public administration in Finland. The experience of implementation of program approaches in public policy shows the importance of the objectives of the goal-setting of state reforms and the need to establish a methodology for assessing the effectiveness and effectiveness of public administration reforms. The purpose of the study is to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of public administration reforms in Finland. The research methods are comparative analysis, structural and functional analysis, secondary analysis of sociological data. The scientific novelty lies in the disclosure of the methodology of public administration reforms, the disclosure of strategic planning and management tools at the national level. It is important to introduce a management system oriented to the result that allows to attract independent experts to assess the effectiveness of the activity, which allows to stimulate the system of public administration and continue the policy of reforming the state administration in Finland. One of the directions of state reform is targeted programs and evaluation of the effectiveness of the implementation of the program approach through involving the public in the process of public administration.

The article is devoted to the study of the definitions of paradiplomacy formulated by both Russian and foreign scientists as the activity of sub-state actors (including the regions of federal states and municipalities) in the world arena through the international contacts and foreign economic relations. The purpose of the study is to determine the paradiplomacy by formulating the signs of this phenomenon as a result of analysis of the definitions of the paradiplomacy of Russian and foreign scientists. Methods. The work is based on the use of the method of expert assessments to study the concept of paradiplomacy, it’s essential characteristics and the features of actors involved in the implementation of paradiplomacy. System-structural analysis was also used to identify signs of paradiplomacy as a holistic phenomenon. The results of the research consist in defining the signs of paradiplomacy (including the actors participating in its implementation and the content of the paradiplomacy – international contacts and foreign economic relations of the regions of the federal state and municipalities). The results of the research can be applied within the science of international relations (for studying the features of participation of sub-state actors in world politics). The scientific novelty of the work are that despite a large number of studies of paradiplomacy, a unified approach to the definition of this phenomenon was not formed. Paradiplomacy in Russia is insufficiently studied by Russian scientists, since the paraplomacy is not delimited from related phenomena (primarily from such unlawful ones as separatism).

Subject. Anti-corruption in public authorities, the causes of corruption in public authorities and ways to counteract. Purpose. The issues of counteracting corruption in public authorities have been analyzed, methods of counteraction have been proposed and the reasons for their occurrence have been established. Methods. The research was carried out on the basis of a set of general scientific methods, such as the generalization and systematization of theoretical data on the basis of studying the work of different authors, analyzing, synthesizing, comparing, system-functional and integrated approach, using analysis of judicial practice and normative legal acts. Results. The theoretical and practical significance of the research is that it examines the causes, consequences of state corruption and issues of combating corruption in public authorities. Scientific novelty. The most effective mechanism for counteracting corruption in the bodies of state power of Russia was identified.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the implementation by Federal Law № 256-FL of 29 December 2006 “On additional measures of state support for families with children”. The main points of view that exist in the scientific literature on this issue are considered. Analysis of statistical data shows that the total number of newborns in the region for the period 2007–2018. increased. At the same time, the number of second children increased, while the number of the first children was lower: in 2007, 12 331 children were born less than the first children (almost twice), and in 2017 they gave birth to a second child for 1,919 children more than the first. At the same time, the limited potential of mother capital as an instrument for regulating demographic policy is also evident. To consolidate the positive trend, the article proposes a number of concrete measures and proposals.

Purpose. It consists in the analysis of existing methodological approaches to the development of regional innovation strategies and the choice of priorities for innovative development of the subjects of the Central Federal district. Methods. The scientific research uses methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis. Results and practical importance. Factors of quality of innovative policy of regions of Central Federal district are analyzed, shortcomings in formation of regional strategies of innovative development are revealed. The practical importance of the research results is related to the possibility of their use in the development of strategies for innovative development of regional and municipal authorities. Scientific novelty. Recommendations on improvement of processes of formation of regional innovative strategies taking into account the principles of the concept of «smart specialization» are offered and necessity of formation of the map of unique innovative competences of regions is proved.

Purpose. Estimation of the human capital of the Central Federal district regions on the basis of three interrelated criteria: quantitative, qualitative, resulting with subsequent ranking of subjects. Methods. The theoretical basis of the study was the work in the field of human capital theory. Groups of criteria that characterize the dynamics of the development of the regions of the Central Federal district, formed on the basis of official statistical compilations. Methods of economic and statistical analysis were used for calculations. Results. Based on a comprehensive assessment of the size of the human capital of the regions, based on several criteria, the complex indicators are formed to assess the current state of the territories, arrange them, as well as identify problem areas that hinder the socio-economic development of the subjects in terms of the formation and use of human capital. Scientific novelty. The universal tools allowing to estimate size of the human capital of the region on the basis of the available statistical information by estimation of its quantitative indicators, conditions of its reproduction, and also the resulting indicators of development of territories are formed. The conclusion about differentiation of regions by criteria of an assessment of human capital is drawn, and also dynamics for a five-year period is shown.

Purpose. An analysis of the pricing system in the construction sector, the identification of imperfections and the search for ways to improve the budgeting process of construction in terms of strategic development of the industry within the national economy. Methods. The analysis of the existing pricing structure in the construction industry of the Russian Federation is carried out, a comparison is made with the principles of budgeting in developed countries. The main problems are identified and ways of overcoming the identified non-conformities are suggested. Results. Based on the analysis of data and own conclusions on pricing principles in construction, methods for improving the efficiency of the organization of drawing up design estimates and determining the price of construction on the basis of the above data and accompanying documents are proposed. Scientific novelty. Scientific novelty consists in formulating the current tasks of increasing the effectiveness of organizations in the construction sector and their importance from the point of view of the industry as a whole and the impact on the national economy of the Russian Federation.

The attraction of foreign capital to the economic system is an urgent task for the authorities at various levels. In conditions when the state is not able to finance all spheres of the economic system, and the population spends more and more money on consumption due to inflationary processes in the economy, foreign investment plays a significant role in maintaining economic growth as the basis for raising the standard of living of the population. The purpose of the study is to determine the resource of growth of the efficiency of the functioning of foreign capital in the national economy. The article describes the economic essence of investments, their role in the development of the economy. The main concepts and approaches to determining the effectiveness of investment processes in macroeconomics are presented. The work analyzes statistical data for the period from 2014–2016. on the dynamics and structure of foreign direct investment in the Russian economy, as the most sought after and effective for the recipient country. The peculiarities of regional and branch aspects of the application of foreign investments in the Russian economy are revealed. Methods and methodology: in the course of the study, the authors used general scientific methods: on the basis of scientific abstraction, direct foreign investments were made in the national economy; In addition, the method of expert assessments, the method of data comparison, was used; through the graphic interpretation of data and the method of grouping them, describes the dynamics and structure of the main indicators characterizing the current trends in the receipt and distribution of foreign capital in the Russian economy. The theoretical and practical significance of this work lies in the possibility of using the results of the presented study to substantiate the perspective directions of the development of Russia’s investment policy and in substantiating the main methods and tools for attracting foreign capital, and creating a favorable investment climate in all regions of the country. The scientific novelty of the research is to identify and study the specifics of the sectoral and regional aspects of the application of foreign capital in the Russian economy to develop effective measures to increase the investment attractiveness of the state for foreign investors. Based on the analysis of the main statistical indicators characterizing the functioning of foreign capital in the Russian economy, the authors formulated conclusions on current trends in the investment attractiveness of Russian regions and sectors of the national economy.

Purpose. Research of the existing level of digital technologies in the forestry sector of the economy of the Sverdlovsk region, prospects for its development in the form of interorganizational cooperation of branch organizations in the form of cluster education. Methods. The current degree of development of information technologies in the timber business of the Sverdlovsk region has been analyzed using the model of N. Venkatraman. The conclusion contains the rationale for the need for an inter-organizational partnership to improve the efficiency of the operation of industry enterprises. The creation of a timber-processing cluster in the region is justified from the point of view of the cluster approach. Analysis of the regulatory framework and existing cluster initiatives has made it possible to identify the main instruments of state support for regional industrial cluster entities. Results. “Digitalization” allows the timber industry sector to move beyond traditional constraints and provides many new opportunities to increase productivity, efficiency and create new competitive advantages. On the basis of the revealed level of development of digital technologies of timber industry enterprises, a conceptual scheme of a regional timber industry cluster and its main information flows has been created. Cluster formed in the way proposed, will meet the requirements for receiving state support, and enhance the level of development of information technologies in the industry. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty lies in the substantiation of the relationship between the development of digital technologies and the need for structural and organizational transformation of business in the form of cluster formation in the example of one of the traditional industries – the forest industry.

The article examines the state of the transport infrastructure of the Sughd region of the Republic of Tajikistan, identifies the problems in its development in the transition to a modern market economy, and identifies areas for regional support for the formation of transport infrastructure that meets the needs of increasing the competitiveness of the Sughd region. Indicators of the functioning of transport infrastructure are determined. The estimation of a modern condition of a transport infrastructure of Sughd region is given. To assess the level of development of the transport infrastructure of the territory, the coefficients of Engel, Golts, Uspensky and Wasilevsky were used. Some indicators describing the state of the transport infrastructure in accordance with the statistical sources of the Republic of Tajikistan are given.

Purpose. Identifying the most effective form of interaction between regional universities and industry. Methods. In the article has been made a comparative analysis of the characteristics of the university – real sector of the economy interaction for the period from 2000 to the present. Key factors that hinder the effective innovative development of the region have been singled out. The evolution of the development of business incubators has been studied, which made it possible to view the business incubator as one of the key areas of innovative development of the territory. The main problems that can be solved only by activating the activity of business incubators in a regional university are identified. The positive and negative aspects of virtual business incubators have been analyzed. Results. Based on the analysis it is presented a new model of a network business incubator. A distinctive feature of the presented model is the combination of a classical and virtual business incubator, which allows to expand opportuni ties for residents and reduce costs for the university. This model will allow regional universities to strengthen their positions on the educational services market through the possibility of cooperation and the use of modern technology solutions in their activities, and ultimately enhance the competitiveness of the region. Scientific novelty. Scientific novelty lies in the assumption that the solution of the problem of effective interaction of regional universities and industry lies in the implementation of new formats of business incubators, namely a network model aimed at qualitative change of this interaction to ensure both mutually beneficial digital cooperation and ensure the region’s competitiveness in whole.

Subject. Resource-saving technologies of the operation of river vessels in the organization of cargo transportation. Purpose. Analysis of operating costs of shipping companies, as well as development of recommendations aimed at reducing them. Materials and methods. The methodological basis was the theory and practice of assessing the efficiency of the organization of the transportation process, the economic theory, the results of research by domestic and foreign scientists, the materials of scientific and practical conferences and research projects, the experience of the exploitation of trains, and the theory and experience of operating propellers and internal combustion engines. Methods of economic analysis, economic and mathematical methods of justifying optimal solutions, elements of probability theory and mathematical statistics were used. Results and scope. Movement of trains on one working engine leads to a decrease in operating costs for the fleet, and, consequently, the cost of transportation by 5–12 % due to fuel economy. Reduction of ship repair costs is possible due to the introduction of new materials and advanced technologies. Thus, the use of plasma spraying to the screw-nozzle assembly contributes to saving costs for repairing the DRC by prolonging its service life by 2–3 times at a very low cost of restoration. At the same time, the fuel consumption of the main engines of ships is reduced, due to the reduction of the torque consumed by the propulsor and the speed of the composition increases, which in turn leads to a reduction in operating costs of up to 13 %. Scientific novelty. The scientific approaches to the economic evaluation of the resource-saving work of ships in the organization of freight traffic and ship repair are substantiated, an algorithm for reducing the cost of cargo transportation is proposed. As a result of the analysis, the following directions of decrease in operating costs for river cargo transportations are determined: rationale for rational operating modes of ship engines and the movement of tugs of pushers with typical compositions in order to save fuel consumption; reduction of ship repair costs due to the introduction of new materials and advanced technologies.

Purpose. Investigation of the organizational mechanism of interactions in providing palliative care to the state and non-commercial organizations of NPOs implemented through cross-sectoral social partnership Methods. In the description of the organizational mechanism of interactions between the state and non-profit organizations in the provision of palliative care, the document analysis method was used: the statute, the agreement of the NonProfit Medical Private Institution of the Kazan Hospice. A structured interview was conducted to collect expert opinions on the positioning and functions of cross-sectoral social partnership and public, private and non-profit organizations in providing palliative care. Results. Based on the generalization of the organizational mechanism for the implementation of public-state partnership in the creation of the Kazan hospice for the provision of palliative care, a descriptive model of the organizational Purpose. Investigation of the organizational mechanism of interactions in providing palliative care to the state and non-commercial organizations of NPOs implemented through cross-sectoral social partnership Methods. In the description of the organizational mechanism of interactions between the state and non-profit organizations in the provision of palliative care, the document analysis method was used: the statute, the agreement of the NonProfit Medical Private Institution of the Kazan Hospice. A structured interview was conducted to collect expert opinions on the positioning and functions of cross-sectoral social partnership and public, private and non-profit organizations in providing palliative care. Results. Based on the generalization of the organizational mechanism for the implementation of public-state partnership in the creation of the Kazan hospice for the provision of palliative care, a descriptive model of the organizational mechanism of interactions between the state and NPOs for palliative care, with the separation and delimitation of the functions of the state and NPOs is described. Scientific novelty. The effectiveness of the mechanism of interaction between the state and NPOs in the organization of palliative care was proved. It has been revealed that, unlike public and private institutions in providing palliative care, NPOs use the principle of multidisciplinarity (consolidation of medical, social, psychological, spiritual, etc. assistance to patients and their families), which works to improve the quality of palliative care in NPOs

This article studies the professional-value orientation of students, their place in the structure of students’ life values. Modern society is characterized by high social dynamics, social and economic demands on the market of specialists are constantly changing. Formed professional and value orientations contribute to the effective adaptation of the young specialist to professional activity. The values of education and profession can be classified both instrumental and terminal values. Studies of the nature of professional orientations and values of students can be the basis for forecasting the success of socialization in the professional sphere

Objective. Substantiation of model of sustainable system as the aggregate of managing social activities, public reproduction and developing social forces, interrelation and interdependence of which is created by means of implementation of public needs. Меthodology and methods. The work substantiates new methodology of creating sustainable social system including the argumentation of its structural elements – political, organizational and economic systems interaction of which underlies management of social activities, social reproduction and development of social forces and creates required preconditions for attaining two-pronged result, namely: development of social relations and maximum of the entire satisfaction of social needs. Results. New methodology of forming the model of life arrangement of society presupposes interacting political, organizational and economic systems is suggested. This methodology have enabled the author to ground the structural organization of model of sustainable social system which involves management of social activities, social reproduction and development of social forces, whit a view to develop and meet social needs. Process of forming social relations and maximum of meeting social needs is represented by the closed system cycle. The motivating force of all processes inside the cycle are social needs the effect of which manifests itself in results of managing social activities. Practical significance. The suggested method of creating sustainable social system can be used in the theory and practice of public administration, as well as in the process of making laws. Scientific novelty. Consists in substantiating theoretical and methodological approach to creating the scientific concept of sustainable social system under contemporary conditions of the society progress. Conclusions. Research of the essence of fundamental conceptual approaches to interesting social system has enabled the author to ground methodology of sustainable social system and form on its base the proper model which functions interacting management of social reproduction and development of social forces which leads to influencing the level of developing social forces and meeting social needs.

Purpose. Identification of managerial factors of organizational development of volunteer potential in solving local community problems. Methods. Based on the case-study method, a comparative analysis of the functioning of volunteer centers established at major universities in Russia (Ekaterinburg) and Croatia (Zagreb) was carried out. Results. The authors analyzed the institutional context for the creation and development of volunteer centers, describes the quantitative and qualitative parameters of their activities, the internal management structure, sources of funding and interaction with the external partners. The key features of volunteer centers management specific regarding the scope of implemented voluntary projects and programs, cooperation with state and municipal authorities, diversification of the areas of volunteer activity and sources of its financing are revealed. Scientific novelty. Critical assessment of the interaction of the centers within the local communities with officials is given, the delay of the adequate response of the current management of the Russian resource center to the challenges of the external environment is established, the necessity of transforming its management strategy is justified. Acknowledgment. The research is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project № 16-03-00016ОГН).

Purpose. The study of youth’s trust in the policy of municipal authorities and its consideration as a resource of city management and social capital of city community. Methods. The study is based on the concept of urban lifestyle L. Wirth, including provisions on moral interactions of subjects of urban life, theories of trust N. Luman and F. Fukuyama, allowing to treat it as social capital. The article is based on the materials of sociological research of cases of medium and large cities of the Ural Federal District. Demographic statistics, statistical data on educational organizations, normative documents, content of city web sites and forums were studied. Results. The tendency of decrease of trust of youth to city management as response to lack of due attention to pressing problems of young citizens is revealed. It is established that the causes of youth migration are two key problems: the unresolved issue of employment of a significant part of young people and the lack of conditions for higher education. The reaction of different groups of local communities to the passivity of the city authorities in the field of youth problems is shown. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty lies in the identification of the relationship between trust capital and city policy aimed at meeting the basic needs of young people. Financing. The work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Science, project № 18-011-00158 «Trust as a fundamental problem of Russian higher education».

The main objective of the individual is its implementation in the context of society. The article discusses the men’s mission, the role of men in the modern world. The issue is relevant because the social roles of men change in time and space, different generations have different ideas about male social roles that determine the functioning and dignity of the individual. Social roles performed by modern man are a reflection of the needs of the society which it imposes on the human male. The investigation focused on the study of historical and contemporary prerequisites for the formation of the social roles of the male population.

The purpose. This article is devoted to the examination of the peculiarities and principles of the innovational strategies of the modern political elite in Russia. The methods. While revealing the peculiarities displaying the innovational principles in the administrative strategy and the practice of the modern Russian political elite, the author uses both common to all sciences (analysis, synthesis, inductive and deductive) and specially-scientific, including the comparative-historical and structural-functional methods. The results. This work characterizes the two basic paradigm forms which are metin the administrative practice of the elites – “extensive-technocratic” (traditional) and “innovational” (socially oriented) most often. On the basis of the comparative analysis, the peculiarities of using the principles of the innovational management in the political strategy of the modern political elite are revealed and the social factors determining their consolidation and real displaying in the modern social reality of the Russian society are characterized. The scientific novelty. Both social determinants, defining the principles of the innovational management of the elite and the conditions promoting and preventing their realization, are revealed and analyzed.

Purpose to propose a methodology for prioritizing criteria and finding the most important values for the company, which will enhance the effectiveness of decisions taken Methods. The study is based on the method of analyzing hierarchies, using field methods (survey, questionnaire) and desk research. Results. Based on the analysis of the results of the study of the experience of Russian companies in the application of concepts in the construction and operation of the management system, the need to develop tools for solving the problem of consistency of judgments in the management of values has been identified. Scientific novelty. An approach is proposed, the distinguishing feature of which is the use of the method of analyzing hierarchies for the selection of the most significant values for the company.

Purpose. The article is devoted to the analysis of restaurant supply with material and technical resources using SWOT analysis. Methods. The author associates the research with source study analysis, SWOT analysis, modeling, and diagnostics. Results and scientific novelty. The researcher conducted a source analysis on the theoretical and practical aspects of material and technical support of the restaurant. It is confirmed that optimum size of stocks of raw materials and uninterrupted implementation of technological process of consumers with food service depends on the organization of supply of restaurant, its regularity and reliability. The author conducted a SWOT – analysis of the internal and external environment of the restaurant “Weeping Willow”, the structure of logistics supply restaurant, based on the integration of elements of the internal and external environment.