Vol. 39 No. 3 (2019)

The article analyzes the prospects for the domestic political science of two approaches to the study of the "idea" of the modern state. The first one was formed historically within the framework of philosophical science and was at a certain stage of development perceived by political science. According to this approach, the "idea of the state" is an expression of some higher and eternal essence of power and social order. The second approach reflects the sustained interest of citizens and elites in the essential meaning of state institutions, which can be defined by the concept of "functionality". The author of the article criticizes the identification of the "functionality" of the state with its "efficiency" by the experts of the national political science, and the scientific evaluation of this "efficiency" with the way the citizens and elites evaluate the role of the state in politics in specific political situations. The author proves the importance of taking into account in the analysis of the state activity (especially in crisis conditions), the fact that the mass consciousness tends to interpret the "functionality" of the state as its "universality". It refers to the willingness to maximize their competence in dealing with political and non-political problems, as well as the area of their legal and moral responsibility for these decisions. The author believes that this understanding of the "idea of the state", its role as a factor in the political process, gives political science new opportunities in the scientific examination of those projects that were created over the past years, as well as in the current and strategic design of the functionality of the Russian state.

The author of this article examines the main trends of reforming the system of engineering education in Soviet Russia in 1917-1925. It is noted that a huge obstacle to the implementation of the program of personnel reproduction was the lack of managerial and teaching staff at schools, training courses and professional schools. There are three main imperatives of the system of technical education development in this period: proletarianization (accompanied by feminization and indigenization); centralization and politicization of education management; review of the content of curricula and training programs educational institutions, indoctrination of the establishment paternalism. The study notes that the state economy required a forced recovery and modernization, so at the end of the Civil War, technical education is the subject of particular attention of the party-state apparatus of government At the same time, it was during this critical period that the third direction of reform was outlined and further strengthened: the revision of the content of curricula and curricula of technical schools from the standpoint of state-party paternalism. The essence of the policy of paternalism in science, culture and education is to ensure that the ideological construction, political values and doctrines, designed at the state-party level in a certain ideological concept, transferred to the educational and research plans of the scientific and educational institutions, repertoire and exhibition policy of cultural institutions. It is shown that the policy of political romanticism ("the imminent victory of the proletariat in the world revolution") was defeated. It is noted that since the mid-20s technical education is focused on solving pragmatic, primarily economic goals.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the composition of public councils affiliated with executive authorities from the point of view of the relationship between experts-professionals who possess specialized (including scientific) knowledge about a particular field of activity of the authorities, and lay experts who have life experience related to this area, including the experience of solving problems and protecting their interests, i.e. are representatives of "concerned communities". The methodological basis of the article is the approach to advisory bodies as a tool for solving the problem of "principal-agent", which allows us to distinguish two main groups of experts. The analysis is complex. The article analyzes legal framework governing the development of public councils in Sverdlovsk region and quantitative analysis of the composition of public councils (based on the lists of members of public councils affiliated with the executive bodies of Sverdlovsk region, available on the open Internet). Additionally, the results of a series of focused interviews conducted with leaders and members of public councils were used. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that in the public councils of the Sverdlovsk region there is a tendency to the predominance of lay experts over professional ones. The Public chamber of Sverdlovsk region has a significant influence on the development of public councils (it nominates half of the members), opting for representatives of interested communities. In addition, the composition of public councils depends on what sphere the sphere of life of society is included in the powers of a particular authority. The predominance of lay experts is in the public councils of social sphere. The members of the expert councils themselves are rather supporters of "parity» between lay experts and professional ones. Competence is the most important characteristic of a member of the public Council, and low-qualified members cause sharp criticism. Scientific novelty lies both in the approach to advisory bodies as a tool for solving the "principal-agent" problem, and in the analysis of the composition of public councils from the standpoint of expert balance. Such an analysis at the regional level was carried out for the first time in the Russian literature.

The purpose of this article is conceptualization of public electronic services. It is noted that in e-government studies, the definition of "public" is used in most cases as a term that does not require explanation and, by default, means that the e-service is provided by a public sector organization. However, the term "public" is not as obvious as it might seem at first glance. With regard to information systems, the term "public" may also be interpreted as referring to the systems that are "available to the public", including all the services that may be available to the public, hence private electronic services are also referred to. As a methodology and principal methods the authors used: an interpretive approach; an interdisciplinary approach; a consistent convergence of denotative meanings of each element of the linguistic construction "electronic public services", a method of analysis and synthesis. Scientific novelty is in the critical analysis and interpretation of the aspect of publicity of electronic public services. According to the results of the study, a new interpretation and interpretation of the aspect of the publicity of electronic services are proposed. The purpose of the study was twofold: first, to explore public electronic services from an interdisciplinary point of view and, second, to offer a broad conceptual framework for understanding the researched phenomenon public electronic services. Taking into account interdisciplinary nature of e-government research and the complexity of the e-government service phenomenon itself, we do not believe that it is appropriate to try to formulate a single, universal definition of what public e-service means. There may be different level of detail and abstraction depending on the specific purpose of the research and disciplinary affiliation.

В статье анализируется арктическая политика и ее нефтегазовый аспект для двух североамериканских арктических государств США и Канады. Прослеживается эволюция приоритетов в этой области, которые за последние годы претерпели весьма значительные (если не сказать радикальные) изменения. Ситуация с разведкой и добычей на арктическом шельфе для обоих североамериканских государств и США, и Канады является сложно прогнозируемой в настоящий момент, так как в обеих странах действует запрет на выдачу новых лицензий на участки шельфа, но имеются и весьма сильные группы, чьим интересам подобные запреты противоречат, и они могут предпринимать активные попытки лоббирования снятия этих запретов. В исследовании отмечается, что экономические приоритеты новой арктической политики США не были в явном виде сформулированы в этом документе. Однако следует обратить внимание, что в директиве 2009 года экономическое направление арктической политики было объединено с энергетическим направлением, и большинство подпунктов, перечисленных в рамках этого направления, относились именно к энергетической отрасли и добыче нефтегазовых ресурсов. В новой стратегии 2013 года «обеспечение будущей энергетической безопасности Соединенных Штатов» сохранилось в качестве одного из приоритетов в рамках направления, связанного с продвижением интересов безопасности Соединенных Штатов. В текущих условиях складывается ситуация, когда наиболее заинтересованными в разведке и разработке арктического шельфа странами к тому же предпринимающими усилия для практической реализации своего интереса остаются Норвегия и Россия.

The article is devoted to the analysis of specific algorithms and ways of socio-political development of the country in the works of representatives of conservative thinking, as well as the study of the problems of radicalism. The study notes that the main consumer of radical ideas is young people who do not have deep knowledge or practical experience in the field of socio-political development of the country and society. In this regard, young people are often unable to assess objectively and critically the concept of development of society, not knowing the current trends of political development of the country and regions in the direction of liberalism and democracy. In such circumstances, young people perceive radical ideas "on faith", absolutizing them. Methods. Based on the system and process approaches, the authors use methods of analysis, evaluation, and comparison. The authors analyzed the features of conservative political thinking. The threats and risks of radical ideology dissemination and its negative impact on the stable functioning of the political system of Russia are also considered. The novelty of the study is in the activation of radical ideologies in the country in the context of economic crisis, threatening the processes of democratic functioning and stable development of society. According to the results of the research, reference is made to the fact that Russia at the present stage is going through a difficult period of development associated with the aggravation of the situation both within the country and in foreign policy. Therefore, in the conservative national-patriotic groups there are various theories and projects of the authors who suggest solving current and long-standing problems of development in their scenario using the need to update the ideology caused by various negative trends.

This article is devoted to determining the dynamics of the level of competition in the gubernatorial elections in Russia. Despite the existence of two diametrically opposite approaches, it can be stated that at the subnational level, the heads of the subjects of the Russian Federation are the highest officials, heads of the highest executive bodies of regional power. The study notes that since the early 2000s, the role of the main actor in regional political and electoral processes gradually began to move to the Federal government, which by the end of 2004 finally changed the balance of power in its favor through the implementation of the Federal reform, as well as party and electoral reforms. Methods. Institutionalism, comparativism, effective number of parties (Laakso-Taagepera index), the Herfindahl-Hirschman index. The results of the study showed that in comparison with the second half of the 1990s there is a tendency to reduce the level of electoral competition in the gubernatorial elections in the country. A direct link between the Federal presence in the region and the degree of electoral competition at the subnational level was identified. At the same time, the Federal center plays the role of demotivator of regional electoral competition. The study revealed a pattern between the level of electoral competition of candidates in direct elections of heads of regions and the degree of political and legal presence of the Federal center in the subjects of the Russian Federation. According to the results of the study, the decrease in the level of concreteness of direct gubernatorial elections coincides with the periods of reform of Federal relations associated with the restriction of regional autonomy: the wider it is, the higher the level of electoral competition, and vice versa.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the directions of public policy of the Russian Federation in the sports and physical training development in modern Russia, its legislative regulation and management system. The study is based on a set of general scientific methods, such as generalization and systematization of theoretical data using the writings of various authors, analysis, synthesis, generalization, and comparison, system-functional and integrated approach, involving the analysis of official statistics and regulatory Federal and regional legal acts. Theoretical and practical significance of the study is that it clarifies and systematizes the concepts and approaches to the state policy of physical training and sports, which has not been sufficiently studied in the domestic science yet. The analysis of the situation in the management system of physical training and sports in the Russian Federation will allow developing urgent vision of the identified problems and contributing to the improvement of public policy in the field of physical training and sports. Scientific novelty is to study the relationship between public policy in the sphere of physical training and sports, demographic policy and national security with the use of different tools. Implementation of mechanisms of both policies are subject to a single goal to overcome the consequences of the current crisis and to ensure the strengthening of health of the population and increase life expectancy.

At the end of XX century, Western countries faced a serious management crisis: the failure of three traditional management models (bureaucracy management, market management and network management). The study notes that there are three typical management regimes in public administration and social management: bureaucratic management, market management and network management. Bureaucratic governance is a rational framework that relies on the government controlling economic and social issues from top to bottom. Market management is procedural rationality based on market mediation to regulate economic and social activities. Network management is a reflective rationality that emphasizes "decentralization", "denationalization" and "diversification" and relies on multiple actors in shaping the management network and facilitating the implementation of management. To cope with the crisis, the researchers propose a new concept of “Meta-governance”, which means that there are “Meta-managers” for the development of a single managerial purpose, coordination of relations between management factors, promote the coordinated management and maintenance of coherence, efficiency, sustainability and stability control. "Meta-governance not only enriches the theory of governance, but also contributes to the development of public administration and global governance. Meanwhile, the implementation of "Meta-governance" should be based on its own status and characteristics of the state. According to the results of the study, it is noted that "Meta-management" is a reaction to management crises in Western countries. It is based on a developed market, a mature civil society and a perfect political structure of Western countries. The absence of these necessary conditions will inevitably affect the effective implementation of "Meta-governance". Imitation is the wrong way to deal with "Meta-governance." Based on local conditions, for the development of a "Meta-governance" regime that corresponds to the real governance of the country, it can help solve the problems of governance.

Purpose. To study the leveling of polarization of economic activities (EA) based on localization coefficients and localization intensity by the example of the Republic of Bashkortostan (RB) in order to improve the quality of management decisions in the regions. In the process of achieving the goal, we focused on the efficiency and intensity of EA development in the RB, identified industry specialization, the EA behavior in the real-time mode, compared EA groups according to the polarity and polarization with the areas of localization. Methods. General scientific methods on the basis of theoretical, comparative, logical analysis, as well as through technical and economic analysis, economic and mathematical modeling. Object/subject. The object of the study is the economy of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The subject of the study is a set of organizational and economic relations arising in the management process. Results. The analysis of polarity, polarization leveling of economic activities is a comprehensive assessment carried out through the coefficients of localization and localization intensity, aimed at making optimal management decisions for the economic development of the region and economic growth in each of its subsystems. In real-time mode since 2010 in the Republic of Bashkortostan, there has been a leveling of EA, convergence of factors of localization of the number of employed, turnover of enterprises and intensity of localization. Scientific novelty. The analysis of polarity and polarization leveling of economic activities by localization zones is carried out.

To consider the main trends of eco-tourism development in Russia taking into account domestic and foreign experience. The study notes that the development of eco-tourism contributes to the creation of reserves and parks, where the original state of nature and cleanliness are maintained. Eco-tourism in many Russian regions contributes to the increase of local employment and social and environmental development. The results of the research presented in the article were based on such scientific methods as logical analysis, description, generalization, abstraction, observation, analogy, questioning. Secondary research conducted by the authors in the analysis of literary sources, statistical information and information published in specialized journals and databases of scientific works, sources on the Internet, including specialized tourist sites became the empirical base for the work. Methods of description, generalization and logical analysis were used to identify eco-tourism as an object of research. The results of the study can be used by Municipalities, subjects of the Russian Federation, Federal Executive authorities in the development and adjustment of Federal and regional policy in the field of eco-tourism, as well as in the preparation of specific recommendations to improve the regulation of internal and external tourist flows. The main problems of eco-tourism development in the regions of Russia as a sphere of activity aimed at improving the quality of life of the population are revealed, as well as the prospects of eco-tourism development in our country are considered. It is proved that eco-tourism gives a very tangible socio-economic effect for the Russian Federation, which has many criteria that contribute to the development of eco-tourism. Russia has many unique natural places, and it has all the opportunities to become a world leader in eco-tourism. Thus, the culture and natural conditions of the Russian area have a positive impact on the prospects of ecological tourism in Russia.

Young employees of an industrial enterprise are a special category of personnel whose level of satisfaction and involvement is subject to changes. Factories need to recruit more and more young people, their attitude to the organization will largely determine the prospects for their long-term employment. In this regard, it is necessary to understand clearly the motivational structure of youth in the enterprise, to assess the effectiveness of its activities in the field of youth policy. Methodological base of the research. Howe and Strauss generation theory. Yadov and Zdravomyslov’s concept of young workers’ job satisfaction. Sverdlovsk sociologists’ writings concerning employees’ job satisfaction at Sinarsky pipe plant. Method of research. The article presents the results of a sociological study of the young workers’ attitude, their view of the company, as well as measures to implement systematic work with young people in an industrial enterprise. Key methods: questionnaire survey of young workers and in-depth interview the heads of the youth shopfloor councils. The object of the study: young employees of PJSC "Sinarskiy pipe plant" and their attitude to certain aspects of work in the company. 410 young employees of the enterprise were interviewed, 9 interviews were conducted. Research results. The assessment of the level of satisfaction with the work of young employees of the enterprise as a whole, and in certain areas was conducted. The system of values of young workers is analyzed, priorities in it are allocated, and it is shown that key values of the working youth do not possess pronounced specificity in comparison with other generations of the personnel. The attitude of young people to the existing programs in the organization and departments of work with young workers is studied. It is highlighted that the attitude is heterogeneous in relation to representatives of different levels of management. The article describes the priorities that can be implemented by the company to ensure a high level of satisfaction with the work of young employees associated with the provision of opportunities for staff development. Summary. The attitude to the work of young workers in the company does not depend on the generation; in general, they show a high level of involvement and satisfaction on general. The experience of PJSC "SinTZ" in the organization of work with young employees, which was analyzed in the research, can be taken into account, adjusted, and supplemented by any other company.

Purpose: to study the existing methods of analysis of the business environment of the region to identify their distinctive features, advantages and disadvantages. The study notes that the focus of strategic management is transferred from the Federal to the regional level, where the set of resources available and permissible to be used to achieve certain goals of the state and society will determine the main strategic direction of development of the relevant territory. At the same time, such activity is impossible without relying on the information base obtained as a result of diagnostics of the competitiveness of the local business environment, evaluation and analysis of its scientific, technical, industrial, infrastructural and human resources in order to ensure sustainable socio-economic development of a region, the effective use of its resources, as well as meeting all possible needs of the domestic market, identifying the level of entrepreneurial susceptibility and activity. Different approaches to its assessment are compared by the method of comparison on the level of stability and complexity of the business environment of the region. The synthesis method concludes on the possibility of using techniques to identify patterns of formation of the business environment. The existing methods of the business environment analysis of the region are analyzed and described; the diversity of approaches, allowing researchers to independently vary the criteria and features relevant to the analysis is confirmed. The presented systematization of approaches to the analysis and assessment of the business environment of the region can be used in the development of a system of goals, as well as building a strategy for regional development. The signs of grouping of the existing methods of business environment analysis are highlighted, the matrix of choice of approaches to the analysis and assessment of the business environment of the region, based on its main characteristics, is developed.

Purpose. Analysis of the agro-industrial complex of YANAO by the example of reindeer herding and development of recommendations to improve the efficiency. The study notes that the steady growth of Yamal and improving its competitiveness are one of the priorities of the country's economy. Possessing a great natural resource potential, the district is one of the most important strategic areas and one of the most prosperous socio-economic regions in Russia. Methods. The system approach was used as the main one; together with the methods of comparative analysis, contrast, analogy and generalization. Results. The main result of this theoretical and methodological research is the analysis of the development of the agricultural sector of YANAO by the example of reindeer herding. The authors propose specific steps, justifying their necessity, to improve the efficiency of development of the agricultural complex in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area through a set of measures. The need for the proposed measures is due to serious problems in the reindeer breeding industry and negative dynamics of indicators. Scientific novelty. The authors analyzed the main economic indicators of agriculture of YANAO, including the example of reindeer herding, identified positive and negative factors of the industry and its key problems, proposed the main directions of improving the efficiency of the industry, which can be used in other regions as a pattern for replication. According to the results of the study, it is noted that the support of investors and the state in the reindeer herding industry is extremely important for YANAO, as a third of the world's reindeer population is produced in this area. Mainly this type of economic activity is engaged in indigenous peoples of the North, who are faced with a number of problems: seasonal icing pastures, overgrazing, and morbidity of animals.

Purpose. The article deals with the issues related to the transformation of industry in the digital economy. The study notes that currently an increasing number of Russian managers rely on big data analytics as a way to obtain large-scale results in the shortest possible time. When choosing this approach, it is necessary to implement effective implementation of modern IT-technologies for data storage and processing, as well as to attract experts in the field of information technology. The latter will help to determine exactly where and how to apply the resulting data sets to extract the maximum benefit for business in future. Methods. Using a vast array of empirical data, formed with the use of official statistics and other information from open official sources, a predictive analysis of the need for digital transformation in business is conducted. Results. A theoretical research platform based on the theory of a new industrial society is formulated. It is shown that the transformation of the industrial complex is always a discrete process of structural changes and institutional transformations. At the same time, there is a need to develop the architecture of traditional systems, build infrastructure, upgrade assets, and create high-tech industries in which you need to use the achievements of modern technologies. Scientific novelty. The factors influencing the process of adaptation and digital management of industrial enterprises in the conditions of widespread digitalization of the Russian economy are revealed. The study substantiates that the introduction of the basic elements of "Industry 4.0" currently allows increasing the efficiency of industrial assets by an average of 20%, reducing raw material costs, improving product quality, and accelerating the transfer of technologies from laboratories to industrial operation.

Purpose. Analysis of the public authorities’ results of the Russian Federation and Sverdlovsk region in the field of environmental protection in the year of ecology. The study notes that environmental risks of the new technological order have increased many times, and pollution of water bodies and air, depletion of natural resources and waste growth have become global problems. Environmental protection is one of the policy priorities of any modern state. Methods. The official reports on the state and protection of the environment, the views of the authorities and experts using a systematic approach are analyzed. Results. It was revealed that the dynamics of reducing water pollution is stable; there is no positive dynamics in the treatment of waste and emissions into the air. At the same time, due to insufficient costs and inadequate use of tools, the level of environmental tension remains high. The year of ecology has not achieved the expected results. However, for the long run, in the year of the environment the programs and projects, which in a few years may be the growth points of environmental policy, can be instigated. They are the law on ecological gathering, the ONF project “Interactive map of landfills”, implementation of the priorities of separate waste collection and inclusion of the indicator on BAT implementation in the national project “Ecology”. Scientific novelty. The assessment of various directions of environmental policy is given: the degree of efficiency of existing tools is defined; recommendations on their improvement are developed.

Currently, for many industrial enterprises, the issue of increasing the efficiency of sales becomes important, since an effective and multi-level concept of strategic sales management brings a significant increase in sales, stable income growth and a confident position in the competitive market. The issues of sales efficiency of the construction materials industry are the subject of the study. The purpose of the article is to analyze sales efficiency of the industrial enterprise "MAN Group", which is engaged in the production and sale of concretes of various brands in Sverdlovsk region. To analyze the efficiency of sales of industrial enterprises in "MAN Group" special indicators based on relevant statistical information are calculated in the work. The results obtained during the analysis of LLC "MAN Group" demonstrate an increase in demand for products and increase of the efficiency of the sales management strategy. So in 2017, the volume of sales increased by 6841 thousand rubles compared to 2017. In 2017 11363,2 thousand roubles of sold products accrue to an employee of the Sales Department and Production Department that is 3599,3 thousand rubles more than in 2015. In 2017, 523 contracts were signed, of which 505 were successfully completed. The inventory turnover ratio decreased by 1.1 P. P. , and the turnover period increased by 2 days, which indicates the efficient work of the Sales Department. The author identifies the key problems affecting the efficiency of marketing activities of an industrial enterprise. The recommendations formulated on the basis of this can be applied in the activities of the enterprise, which will allow to develop an effective strategy, improve control over the decline in sales, improve control over the implementation of sales plans, create a database of buyers, implement a competent pricing policy.

The subject of sociological research is the working conditions of bank employees, job satisfaction, social and psychological climate in credit and financial institutions. This is necessary and important to improve the efficiency of banks. The purpose of the article is to analyze the activities of bank employees, to identify their needs and value orientations, the knowledge of which is necessary for the development of a system of stimulation and motivation of labor. Special attention is paid to the problems of improving working conditions, creating a favorable socio-psychological climate of banking organizations. The study notes that banking legislation, state control, economic instability and the difficult political situation in the world require banks to look for effective ways of work for the development of the banking market. In this regard, the issues of personnel management are particularly relevant, since the efficiency of the employees and the bank as a whole depends on the rationally constructed system of labor motivation. The research methodology was the concept of staff motivation, and the method used was the analysis of statistical reference data on the work of banks in the region -Sverdlovsk region and a mass sociological survey of bank employees conducted in October 2017 February 2018. 400 people were interviewed. The scientific novelty of the applied research is to study the impact of working conditions, the system of labor motivation on the efficiency and satisfaction of employees with their work, taking into account regional conditions. This also expresses the practical significance of the results of the study, which can be useful for the development of a system of stimulation and motivation of labor in banking institutions.

The aim is to form a holistic view of the existing innovative human resources technologies in the field of public and municipal management. The study notes that the effectiveness of personnel policy in the public and municipal service is an important indicator that assesses the level of quality development of public and municipal authorities, as well as the ability of public authorities to respond to modern challenges and meet new social trends. Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation is a trend-forming factor in the Russian Federation, especially in the sphere of public and municipal authorities’ actions. It is important to note that today the head of state constantly focuses on improving the efficiency of personnel policy in various sectors, due to the rapid development of technology. Accordingly, the introduction of personnel innovations will be an important issue for the further development of public service. Methods: Analysis of statutes and regulations in the field of personnel modernization and innovative transformation of public authorities, analysis of research papers of experts in the field of personnel management on staff innovations, as well as the study of world experience in implementation of staff innovations. In the course of the analysis, personnel innovations and their applicability in the public service modernization were considered and the possibility of integrating this innovation into the sphere of personnel management was evaluated. It is noted that in modern Russia there is an increase in demand for personnel innovations in the field of public administration. Their implementation contributes both to the increase in the employees’ efficiency and reduction in expenses for the state machinery due to possible reduction in the staff number. The scientific novelty involves identification of фвьthe degree of possibility of using human resources technologies in the field of public and municipal management.

When considering the peculiarities of geographically separated teams, the main differences from the interacting teams were revealed, as well as the methods of optimizing the interaction of geographically separated teams. The study notes that a significant amount of work is carried out in large companies, which is divided into several small tasks that do not require special knowledge, so such tasks are performed by subcontractors, including the foreign ones. It can be a single person or a whole team. Basically, a team is seen as a group of interdependent people with pronounced desire to achieve a goal or a final task. Usually, there is also a complementarity in functions and in the distribution of roles among team members. An important feature of group activity is the territorial community of its implementation. For a geographically divided team, due to the development of information technologies, this condition is not very significant. This type of team assumes operational independence of employees at a certain level of centralized management and control. The purpose of these studies is to highlight the features of geographically separated teams, which could draw the attention of an entrepreneur facing an alternative of what group of people he wants to see: office workers or remote. The result of the study is a statement of the fact that geographically separated teams will be cheaper in content, but more specific in the control and direction of work performed. The conclusion of the study is the point of view of the undoubted pros and cons, as well as the features of a particular type of teams that an entrepreneur should take into account when working with the latter.

The purpose is to analyze the main problems of young families with children through the study of socio-economic status of young families with children in the Russian Federation and statutory regulation of family policy in relation to young families with children. The study identifies the distinctive features of modern young families, characterizes the relationship between men and women. The study is based on a set of general scientific methods, such as generalization and systematization of theoretical data based on the study of the writings of various researchers, analysis, comparison, system-functional and integrated approach. The analysis of official statistics and statutory regulation of the Russian Federation is used. Theoretical and practical significance of the study is that it examines the system of social protection of young families with children and identifies the main existing problems. The study shows that the system of state support for young families should cover a much larger number of areas, not only financial and material assistance. The analysis will identify the current state of the identified problems and contribute to the improvement of family policy in relation to young families with a child in modern conditions. Insufficient rationality of social protection and assistance to young families is revealed due to the lack of taking into account the indicators of differentiation of young families by social and demographic characteristics. As a result of it a significant proportion of young families with children remains in economic and professional isolation. The directions of improvement of the state family policy are highlighted as well.

Materials of this article are part of a large research project, started in 1995, which is devoted to the problems of the Russian world, its birth and life history. The article deals with the issues concerning the development of the Russian family as the main social institution of the Russian society, taking on the role of a custodian, culture-bearer and point man of national culture patterns. The historical significance of the family and the process of transformation of this social institution are investigated. The purpose of this study within the framework of the project: to identify and justify the importance and role of traditional Russian family culture for modern Russian society, the formation of its spiritual and moral meanings, values, ideals. The process of changes in the Russian family under the influence of values reassessment is investigated. This goal helped to achieve the following objectives: to show the interdependence of historical development of Russian families and Russian culture; justify the role of family culture in shaping the image of the Russian people; to show the significance of national family priorities (meanings, values, traditions, art and others) in education and socialization of children. The following research methods were used: philosophical (philosophical and historical analysis of the peculiarities of the Russian culture and civilization development); general scientific (analysis and synthesis, comparison and contrast, classification and generalization); private scientific (analysis of empirical and sociological data on the problem of this research). The results of the philosophical-historical and socio-pedagogical analysis of the historical heritage of the Russian culture allowed the authors to understand and reflect in their scientific positions some historical sociocultural aspects that define the formation process of the unique Russian culture, mentality of its people, the traditional meanings and values of Russian family.

The subject of the article is a comparative empirical study of the impact of social resources on the readiness of employees of the state and non-state employment sectors to realize their labor interests. The purpose of the article is to determine the impact of different types of social resources liable for empirical measurement on the willingness of workers to realize their labor interests in the public and non-state employment sectors. Two organizations were selected for the study, one of which belongs to the public employment sector, is fully funded by the public authorities, and the other is a private enterprise relying solely on its own resources derived from market opportunities. As research methods, survey (questioning) and correlation analysis of survey results concerning influence level of workers’ social resources on their degree of readiness to realization of the labor interests are used. It is understood that social resources, in general, have a higher importance in the willingness of workers to realize their labor interests in the non-state employment sector than in the state one. At the same time, such a resource as learning ability strongly affects the willingness of employees to realize their labor interests in both non-state and state employment sectors. Specific types of social resources of employees subject to empirical analysis are proposed and tested. Based on the analysis, the role of social resources in the readiness of employees to realize their labor interests depending on the employment sector is established.

Identification of problems in creating an accessible environment at the enterprises of the hotel and dining complex (HDC). The study notes that despite the relevance of this issue, there are problems with implementation of inclusive technologies at the enterprises of the hotel and dining complex. Most of the public faces of the HDC do not have an adapted infrastructure to the needs of people with limited mobility. In addition, when designing elements of the accessible environment, some aspects remain unaccounted for, which in the future may affect the functioning of the public place in general. One of the most important problems is incompetence of the staff in the specific character of the service for the disabled. The analysis of availability of the enterprises of hotel and restaurant complex for disabled people and people with limited mobility, and poll of the employees of those places of hotel and restaurant complex is carried out. Social infrastructure facilities have partial accessibility elements. Adjacent areas and entrances to the premises, paths within the building, designated areas and sanitary rooms do not meet accessibility requirements. A survey of HDC employees revealed their lack of training in providing services to disabled people. Not only technical problems, but also psychological barriers are the main barriers for it. Until now, in the society as a whole, and in service business, in particular, staff is not ready for contacts with limited mobility people. The scientific novelty includes the study of mechanisms for creating an accessible environment at the service enterprises. Creating an accessible environment, in turn, can affect the quality of services for all categories of consumers of the service sector. As a result, customers’ loyalty will improve and the company's revenues will increase.

The article addresses a topical managerial issue managing the University brand in the context of higher education digitization. The study notes that the main attributes of the brand are determined by functional characteristics -advantages-benefits, as well as values-emotions that the consumer receives from the contact with the brand. Considering the specificity of the younger generation, universities are increasingly using digital channels in brand communications. This allows you to create a unified, complete image, and understandable to contemporary students. They are not interested in the educational process aimed at compilation and memorization of knowledge, because they live in the era of free access to a huge amount of information. The main function of today’s education is to "teach how to learn", to prepare for changes, to work with more complex projects, to broaden the horizons. Method. Online survey of students from central Russian universities. Results. Through the survey of the students’ attitude to digitalization of education and their impact on the brand of the University, it was revealed that digital technologies clearly affect the brand of the University. The study notes that students do not directly associate digital technology with the University's brand. However, they are expected to implement the mandatory functional elements of the University brand: accessibility of learning, relevant knowledge, satisfaction with the learning process by saving time and learning opportunities 24/7 anywhere in the world from well-known leading practitioners and experts. The importance of distance and online learning for students is low: about half of the respondents noted the need for distance learning and online courses at the University. Only a third of respondents are open to blended learning. This means that students are not ready to completely abandon communication with the lecturer in the classroom.

Purpose. The analysis of features and needs of participants of modern educational process, and also the review of the most interesting and perspective forms of holidays organization urged to provide full and productive rest of children in summer. The study notes that XXI century is characterized by intensive development of information society information becomes the leading value of civilization and at the same time determines the increase in emotional overload and stressful situations among members of society. In addition, a significant proportion of communication takes place in on-line world. Today, leisure activities of many teenagers are associated not only and not so much with live communication with peers, but with staying in social networks. Object. The specificity of the organization of summer holidays for students in modern society. Methods. Analysis of the legislation on the rights of the children and adolescents to developmental recreation and leisure. Substantiation and generalization of observations obtained as a result of the experience of leadership in the school health camp, communication in the framework of organized activities with children of primary school age and teenagers. Results and practical significance. The necessity of search of new complex decisions of students’ holidays organization which should be based on deep understanding of modern society needs, and also is interfaced with realization of an individual approach to students is proved. The information presented in this article may be of interest both directly to the heads of educational institutions and to a wide range of readers. Scientific novelty. Focusing on the role of educational institutions in the students’ holidays organization, the author pays special attention to such forms as summer school, additional education program, family camP. The article presents materials that reveal the specifics of the modern summer camp, its possibilities in the implementation of training, developmental and educational functions of education.

Purpose. Analysis of opportunities, problems and contradictions inherent in the Russian legal documents for the enforcement of the right to education by citizens of the «third age». Results. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that the existing regulatory framework (both Federal and regional) does not contribute to the development of education of persons of the «third age», and the policy pursued by the state towards people of pre-retirement and retirement age, is rather declarative. It is 1) not specified in qualitative (and sometimes quantitative) indicators: by types and forms of training; 2) narrowed to the training of specific competence (computer literacy); 3) focused on the use of distance learning technologies; 4) is not fully focused on citizens of the «third age» as a subject of educational policy. The study notes that the narrowing of the educational component for citizens of the «third age» to the training of specific competence (computer literacy) leads to the lack of desire of the regional authorities to deal with the education of people of the «third age» in a broader sense. In addition, the focus of both Federal and regional authorities to minimize the cost of education (including citizens of the «third age») leads to the choice of less expensive (but not more effective) forms and methods of education. Emphasis on distance learning technologies may have a right to exist, but, in our opinion, it should not be the only one (dominant). Scientific novelty. Scientific novelty lies in the study of opportunities, challenges and contradictions inherent in the current national educational policy towards people of the «third age» as a measure of development of their human capital in the mainstream to overcome the problems of population ageing in the Russian Federation and the ongoing pension reform.