Vol. 63 No. 2 (2020)

The article provides a theoretical review of concepts and theories, research in the use of professional expert communities. The formulation of the concept is given, its features are highlighted in comparison with other similar forms of peoples self-organization. A preliminary analysis of the investigated subject field showed that at present there are no conceptual and methodological grounds for considering the category of “professional expert community”, their significance in the system of economic relations has not been determined. Work was done to study the experience of a number of companies in using professional expert communities in their activities. The basic necessary conditions for the effective work of communities and their participants are highlighted. Purpose is to identify the positive effect of the use of professional expert communities within the organization. Methods: analysis of scientific literature, analysis of the practice of using professional communities to solve organizational problems. Scientific novelty: the applied synthesis of theoretical and practical methods allowed the authors to determine the conceptual foundations of professional expert communities within the organization, to identify and justify the positive economic effect of the introduction and development of professional expert communities in the enterprise. Results: An analysis of the experience of successful companies showed that expert professional communities are a subject whose actions and activities can have a significant effect on the company. But in order to achieve this effect, well-coordinated management work is needed to translate the experts’ potential into an activity channel.

Purpose. Research of the problem of working capital management of agricultural enterprises in the system of ensuring effective development of the industry and economy. Improving the tools for managing working capital elements. Methods. In the process of studying the mechanism of working capital management of agribusiness enterprises, system and software-oriented approaches, methods of analysis and modeling of the mechanism of working capital management in a hierarchical management system are used, which allow a comprehensive study of the problems and make substantiated conclusions for making management decisions. Results. The nature and content of working capital management is determined, taking into account peculiarities of agricultural production, methods used in modeling the mechanism of management current assets. Consistent investigation of the relationship between subjects and objects in the model of working capital management of integrated agro industrial formation is held. The goals and objectives of working capital management for different subjects based on unique aspects of the Federal strategy for sustainable development of agriculture is defined. Scientific novelty. A model of working capital management mechanism is proposed, taking into account the relationship of subjects and objects of various hierarchical levels of management in the agricultural sector of the economy, which will allow coordinating the process of managing elements of working capital for making effective management decisions on the development of agricultural business. The influence of working capital on the sustainable development of integrated agro-industrial enterprises is justified, taking into account the features and specifics of agricultural production, the need for a comprehensive study of working capital in the relationship of criteria of economic activity, such as the turnover of current assets, the duration of turnover, liquidity and solvency of enterprises is determined.

The article reveals scientific and technological foundations, the most important aspects of the mechanism of truly objective transformation of Russia through evolution without any kind of bloody democratic upheavals that worsen the quality of life of the entire population and increase internal and external systemic crises. For the first time, the problem of transition to a qualitatively new cycle of renewal, to a new socioeconomic structure an innovative type of social reproduction of Russia, the leading countries and the world community on a scientific and technological basis and on the common sense of all mankind, excluding voluntarism, subjectivism, usurpation of power by certain elite groups and their accomplices. On the basis of the advanced level of development of the productive forces, the author argues for the possibility and necessity of the corresponding peaceful transformation of production relations and the system of organizing the life of society without systemic crises and socio-economic, military-political and other cataclysms. The initial starting point are kinetron super technologies (FST), which in contrast to the existing traditional nanotechnology, breakthrough technologies based on constant use of the physical effects of Brownian Chaos, universal laws save energy, kinetic charge, law of conservation of full power created by machines, mechanisms and technologies that differ radically in terms of labor productivity, power and efficiency compared to the traditional technologies listed. KST technologies are the prerequisite for transition to integrated and quality development of material-technical, socio-economic, moral and environmental foundations of life of the whole society of Russia and the leading countries into a new cycle of updates and a socio-economic structure an innovative type of social reproduction. This is the basis for the progressive sustainable development of the productive forces of each country and the entire civilization along the way of preserving life on Earth. Of course, the introduction of the above-mentioned innovative technologies impose adequate requirements for training, which is the main productive forces of society, life conditions in their labor and off-duty hours to ecologically clean technologies, information systems, based on the anti-entropic basis, and the use of artificial intelligence to control systems, which will guarantee an objective and reasoned adoption and efficient implementation of management decisions on the adopted levels. Their widespread use in life will allow you to painlessly carry out radical changes in society and achieve conditions worthy of every person. The most important tasks and requirements are highlighted, as well as the mechanism for implementing an objective evolutionary transformation of Russia’s social production, which also ensures the preservation and sustainable development of civilization on Earth.

In the modern world, management decisions require knowledge about the system of promotion of goods and services. Research areas related to preliminary identification and classification of potential consumers are being developed. The study and accumulation of knowledge on this issue has led to the emergence of various methods of analysis, in particular, the Churchman-Ackoff method, the method of systematic comparison, the probability method, the Saati method, and fuzzy sets. The article presents the advantages of using fuzzy control methods to determine the effectiveness of the site. The purpose of this work is to develop a technology for evaluating the effectiveness of the site based on the fuzzy set theory. The data obtained as a result of installation Yandex.Metrics and Google.Analytics on the site is used for calculating the evaluation. To analyze the sales dynamics of the products sold by LLC “Raduga”, data from two periods is provided. The linguistic variable g “site development efficiency” is defined. The universal set for the variable g is defined as the segment [0,1], and the set of values of the variable g is the segment G = {Gl, G2, G3, G4, G5}. A table of the membership function of subsets of the term set g is compiled. The conclusion about the site s effectiveness is based on performance indicators. Each of these indicators is a variable that takes certain values for a given period. Since the scales differ significantly, Excel has normalized them. Expert estimates of terms are defined. The values of the membership function of the linguistic variable g “site efficiency” for December 2019 and January 2020 are calculated, taking into account the ranks according to the Fishburne method. The author made the conclusions on the effectiveness of using the site for doing business via the Internet. The proposed method of evaluation based on the fuzzy control technology allows you to determine the effectiveness of using the site most accurately when building a business via the Internet, because the qualitative evaluation of the values of criteria is considered, which allows you to more scrupulously assess the effectiveness of the site. KEYWORDS: fuzzy sets, uncertainty, fuzzy logic, linguistic variable, site performance evaluation criteria, fuzzy control technology, term set, membership function, probabilistic method, Saati method, Churchman-Ackoff method.

Technological progress contributes to the development of forms of financial transactions. Following the electronic equivalent of paper money backed by Fiat cash, comes a new form of electronic money cryptocurrency. The procedure for its circulation has not been reflected in international agreements yet. Currently, the processes of cryptocurrencies functioning on the world market are not fully studied, and the full theoretical aspect determining the value of new types of electronic exchange tools is not presented. The relevance of the research is due to the development of technological solutions for exchange processes in the world economy, the appearance of a new type of exchange funds (cryptocurrencies). The purpose of the study is to analyze the factors that determine the value of new types of exchange funds, electronic forms of money; to trace the dependence of the growth and fall in demand for them on the factors considered; show the contractual basis for the value of a new form of electronic currency. In the course of the research, methods of comparative analysis, generalizations, and systematic approaches were used. The information and empirical base of the research is data from the world currency exchanges, cryptocurrency exchanges, and analytical centers. The legal position of the attitude to cryptocurrencies on the part of governments of various countries is considered. In the present study, the evolution of exchange instruments and accumulation of exchange units is determined. The growth of demand for cryptocurrencies is analyzed. Patterns of growth and decline in the value of cryptocurrencies are revealed. Problems of speculation and fraud with cryptocurrencies have been identified. An alternative model for using blockchain-based smart contract technology in a unified public procurement information system is proposed. The scientific novelty is the search for tools for predicting the growth of interest in cryptocurrencies. The relationship of such interest with the equivalence of exchange for Fiat money is demonstrated. The author does not agree with the prevailing conservative opinion of the Russian lawmakers regarding cryptocurrencies. He gives his arguments in favor of the development of blockchain technologies in Russia. The analysis helps to predict the behavior of cryptocurrencies on currency exchanges. It is proposed to introduce a blockchain and cryptocurrency technology into the national economy.

Subject. Digital financial technologies and services in the financial market. The article deals with the development of digital technologies in the financial sector: at the level of the financial market in the Russian Federation, at the level of individual subjects of this market, in particular, businesses and commercial structures, as well as at the level of digital interactions with foreign countries. Purpose. Analysis of international interaction and integration processes in the financial sector for the development of digital technologies, as well as measures to support Russian IT companies in order to increase the availability of digital software, primarily for medium and small businesses. Methods. The research used methods of comparative analysis, generalization, classification, system and structural approaches. The research database includes statistical data from the Bank of Russia, research results from the NAFI Analytical center, international audit companies KPMG and PwC, as well as information published in national publications. Results. The study analyzes the development of digital financial services in the world markets provided by commercial banks, and examines the elements of the new digital financial infrastructure of the Russian and foreign commercial banks for legal entities and individuals. The analysis of software programs to support IT companies in order to increase the availability of digital programs, primarily for medium and small businesses. As a result of the research, the results of the implementation of programs are presented, and the main problems of their implementation are identified. Conclusions. Creating new and improving existing digital technologies within the framework of international cooperation creates a real need for the development of digital technologies in the domestic financial market of the Russian Federation to support the activities of large, medium and small businesses. Financial support for IT companies activates the processes of digitalization of financial settlements in various sectors of the economy, which in turn will lead to increased competition in the financial market, increased availability, quality, and expansion of the range of financial services, reducing risks and costs in the financial sector.

Based on the documents of the current archive of the Regional Union of small and medium-sized businesses, the article draws conclusions on the main directions and tools for regulating the activities of the Union of small and medium-sized businesses of the Sverdlovsk region in the period 2016-2019. The issues of overcoming such negative consequences as a sharp reduction of SME financing, manifestations of corruption, imperfection of control and supervisory activities, and the quality of management activities of authorities that provided support to small and medium-sized businesses in the Sverdlovsk region are considered. There are both obvious and hidden barriers to the development of small and medium-sized businesses. The article describes the main activities carried out by the Union in recent years. Special attention is paid to the work of the Coordinating Council of non-profit organizations engaged in anti-corruption activities. The role of the Union in the preparation and development of the Anti-corruption social contract of business in the Sverdlovsk region is indicated. One of the most important events was the annual Tax forums (with the participation of up to 200 representatives of small and medium-sized businesses). The leaders of the Union prepared and presented to the participants of Tax forums a number of proposals for improving legislation, both at the regional and Federal levels. Scientific novelty: for the first time, a summary of statistics on the development of small and mediumsized businesses in the Middle Urals for 2016-2019 is presented and conclusions are drawn about the stagnation of this dynamics. A number of measures to improve the activities of the Union of small and medium-sized businesses of the Sverdlovsk region in the form of recommendations to the Governor of the Sverdlovsk region and relevant Ministries are proposed.

The article analyzes the impact of changes in the tax legislation of the Russian Federation and the subjects of the Ural Federal district on the formation of tax revenues of consolidated regional budgets; the effectiveness of the main methods of tax regulation, such as deferrals, installments, investment tax credit, benefits and special tax regimes. The relevance of the research topic is due to the need to study factors that can affect the growth rate of both the Russian economy as a whole and the regional economy; increase of tax revenues of regional budgets without increasing the tax burden on taxpayers; increase of budget security and tax potential. The practical significance of the research is related to the analysis of the impact of changes in tax legislation on the consolidated budget capacity of the Russian Federation, the effectiveness of the methods of regulation and provision of tax expenditures. The purpose of the research is to analyze the impact of changes in tax legislation on socio-economic development and the fulfillment of social obligations of the state, as outlined in the Message of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly. The novelty of this research consists in the fact that analytical indicators for the consolidated budgets of the Ural Federal district are presented, based on which conclusions are made about the positive overall budget efficiency from the use of tax regulation methods. Based on the results of the research, we concluded that effective measures for tax regulation and their positive impact on the growth of the economy and budget revenues.

Purpose. To show the need for the state, business structures and society to rethink the conditions for joint formation of opportunities for intensifying the development of the knowledge economy. Methods. To substantiate Russia’s readiness to develop and effectively use human resources in the knowledge economy, we used: the dynamics of sectoral changes in the structure of employment; the ratio of wages for workers in the real economy and the average wage; the ratio of average wages for professions of various skill levels; the dynamics of control figures for admission of students to higher education programs at the expense of the Federal budget. Results and practical significance. The article raises the problems of dissociation of interests of subjects of economic relations, which complicate the conditions for the progressive transition of Russia from a resource-based to knowledge economy. Analysis of statistical data and research results revealed: significant changes in the structure of employment in the Russian economy, which negatively affect the inter-industry relations in the cost of labor; annual increase in “labor poverty” in the structure of employment in Russia; narrowing the range of differentiation of labor of employees of different qualifications, which reduces the attractiveness of the labor of employees of the “Knowledge” category in the Russian Federation. International comparisons show a significant scientific and human potential for Russia’s development, but there are persistent gaps in the development of competitive employment and the transfer of research results to the production process, and, as a result, the Russian economy is highly dependent on imported innovative products and technologies, and the outflow of intellectual human capital continues. Scientific novelty. The authors have formed a model of universal competencies of employees of the “Knowledge” category; identified priority tasks of intellectualization of Russian society, the solution of which requires improving the mechanisms of interaction between the state, vocational education institutions and labor market participants in Russia.

Purpose. Research and analysis of the importance of competition and competitiveness of organizations of the Russian military-industrial complex today in the development of internal and external economic relations, as well as with increased attention to the defense industry by the Government of the Russian Federation and the implementation of national programs for the re-arming of law enforcement agencies. Methods. In solving this problem, the following general scientific research methods are used: analysis of literature sources on the problems of the research, study of scientific and methodological documentation, generalization, comparison and systematization of empirical and theoretical data, various points of view of researchers. Results. The article substantiates the need to increase the competitiveness of defense industry enterprises to meet the needs of law enforcement agencies on a higher level, strengthen international relations and develop the production of consumer goods. The necessity of developing the military-industrial complex for the innovative development of the domestic economy is shown. The importance of developing human resources management of organizations, which play an important role in competitiveness, is revealed. In the article the conclusion about the need for a whole range of diverse activities to increase the competitiveness of organizations of the defense sector in the domestic and international markets, the training of qualified, motivated, and well-organized personnel capable of consolidating the most effective tools of modern MIC with the basic principles of strategic development of the economy. Scientific novelty. The cobbled together information allows us to better understand the issues of the Russian military-industrial complex development and identify the problematic aspects that require additional scientific analysis. The authors raised the issue of expediency of the defense industry development and increasing the competitiveness of its member organizations, including the development general production. The information selected by the authors can be used by undergraduates and postgraduates studying the problems of the domestic military-industrial complex development as part of the Russian industry. The information given in the article helps to consider the modern military-industrial complex as one of the most important tools for economic development of the country in the period of its intensive diversification.

The relevance of the study is associated with the recognition of incomplete accounting of factors and methodologies for managing the growth of individual and aggregate labor productivity in the context of the speed of a worker s actions and pace (from lat. tempus time) of joint work in the division of society; in the justification of the optimal structure of professional selection that is the task of education. The methodology is based on a systematic approach and a dialectical method of cognition using the methods of analysis and synthesis, a combination of logical and historical, induction and deduction, functioning and development, and elements of fractal analysis. Results and practical significance.The article is based on the conclusions of the Nobel laureates in economics F. Kidland and E. Prescott, which allow us to recognize that the behavior of entrepreneurs is influenced by the nature of the government s economic policy: long-term (stable) economy causes one type of behavior, and unstable economy causes another one. Entrepreneurs do not differ in their behavior from ordinary people. Economic policy is unstable if it ignores the latent activity of individual and aggregate (group) ergotemporal workers having different rate of actions “by nature” (genotype), which at the level of the aggregate (group) worker provides a “phase transition” (leap) in the rate of actions on the rent-producing level of labor. The result is not correlated with the socio-educational rent, but only with the business one. Among the reasons there is a fact that the rent is correlated with the natural and artificial restriction of competition, without taking into account the difference in abilities, when the factors of its production are both “phase transition” and the institution of education. Management of high-performance labor needs a hybrid model of education; its general understanding is presented. Scientific novelty in the justification of the conclusion that the separation of public and occupational selection, which is focused on the “natural” ability of all participants in the aggregate (group) of the employee, “phase transition” (leap) speed to the pace of joint activity is an autodynamic controller of the productivity of the ergotemporal worker able to operate at various pace (performance). Its ergotemporal types are characterized.

The article deals with the problem of trust and management correlation in the Russian higher education. The purpose of the article is to identify the nature of the links between these phenomena and analyze possibilities of trust development in the context of the authoritarian way of managing the higher education system. Attention is drawn to the novelty of the problem statement, caused by dissatisfaction with the University’s educational communities with the existing management system and the desire to find a way to resist it in the form of introducing the principles of trust into the system of inter-community relations. The interpretation of two key categories trust and management in higher education, shows their types, models and ways of their transversion. A significant part of the article is devoted to the analysis of three main communities students, scientific, pedagogical and managerial workers, and inter-community relations in higher education through the prism of empirical research on the relationship of trust and management in higher education. The article presents data from two studies, during which a low level of trust in the University management community on the part of students and research and teaching staff was recorded. It is established and shown in the article that this level is clearly correlated with a low level of trust in the main institutions of power and management in the country. The last section of the article is devoted to this problem. The conclusion that the author comes to is that in the current conditions of the authoritarian regime in the country, much, almost everything, is subordinated to the management of the higher education system and specific universities. However, there are certain small areas of relationships over which management has no power. Trust remains one of these few and inaccessible oases.

Purpose. Creating a three-dimensional model of the organizations management system. The relevance of the research is due to the peculiarities of creating a consumer value, which is associated with the specifics of the production process. The traditional approach to the management system does not provide flexibility in solving the problem of maximum customer satisfaction, due to the fact that it does not take into account the new requirements for the value chain of finished products. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the research is based on the results obtained in the course of monitoring production and management processes, studying the document flow, interviews with managers of various management levels, employees of stevedoring companies. Methods of analysis, synthesis, and field research (such as survey observation, and personal conversation) were applied. Research result. The features of the stevedoring company’s management system functioning at the operational, tactical and strategic levels are revealed. The necessity of applying the concept of value chain and marketing management is proved. It will increase customer s satisfaction and enhance the effectiveness of management decisions. Scientific novelty of the article. A three-dimensional model of the management system is proposed, taking into account the practical aspects of the organizations activities in the new context. The model is based on a value-oriented approach to the formation and development of the management system. On its basis, the organizations management processes are built within the framework of marketing management, which makes it possible to operate as a single mechanism, the key goal of which is to increase the value of services provided. Tools and methods of influence in this case are chosen situationally, depending on the level of management and the existing relationships in the team. In the future, the application of this model implies the need to introduce additional indicators of the system: employee value, employee satisfaction, conditions for staff involvement that meet the requirement of harmonization of the socio-psychological climate in the workforce.

Problem. The development of loyalty programs is a necessary requirement in the context of globalization of the hotel business and fierce competition, but for their formation and adaptation in domestic accommodation facilities, a comprehensive analysis of existing loyalty programs as an effective marketing tool is necessary. A specific scientific task is related to conducting a comprehensive analysis of loyalty programs at the hotel “Ibis Nizhny Novgorod”, which is part of the Accor international hotel chain. The methodological base is connected with a systematic approach to the analysis of loyalty programs in the hotel ” Ibis Nizhny Novgorod”, which is part of the international hotel chain, with a variety of different approaches to the development and use of loyalty programs. Used material. The database of the research includes the internal documents of the hotel “Ibis Nizhny Novgorod”, materials of scientific publications. Method of research. Practical observation, source analysis, comparative analysis, modeling of algorithms for calculating the effectiveness of loyalty programs. Key findings of the study. The article analyzes the loyalty programs in the “Spring investments” LLC hotel “Ibis Nizhny Novgorod”. The advantages of loyalty programs for client statuses are highlighted: “Classic”, “Silver” “Gold”, and “Platinum”. This article describes the benefits of “Ibis Business” cardholders, despite the fact that customers pay for it, for 90 euros per year. The absence of a formed loyalty program in the restaurant “Ibis Kitchen” at the hotel is revealed, but certain elements that form consumer loyalty of clients are characterized, taking into account the rationality and usefulness of food. We have identified a feature in the offer of the loyalty program to employees of the hotel “Ibis Nizhny Novgorod”, which motivates employees to take a responsible attitude to work, strengthens the corporate culture of the team and allows you to identify yourself with a company that belongs to a global brand. Conclusions. A comprehensive analysis of the loyalty programs of the hotel ”Ibis Nizhny Novgorod” can become a practical guide to the formation and implementation of an important marketing tool in hotel and restaurant complexes, hostels, mini-hotels in order to improve customer relations, and the proposed calculation algorithms can become methods for measuring key loyalty indicators in hotels of various categories.

The key scientific and practical problem that determines the relevance of this study is the presence of “weak zones” in the liquidity management of industrial enterprises, most of whose assets are enclosed in fixed assets, which are most difficult to convert into cash. As a result, there are solvency risks. This problem is relevant even for profitable and competitive industrial companies. Therefore, it is necessary to find tools to improve the efficiency of managing the liquidity of industrial enterprises using their industry advantages. Specific scientific task: to analyze the liquidity of one of the most successfully developing machine building enterprises in the Kemerovo region and Siberia JSC “KORMZ” and develop recommendations to improve the company’s liquidity management based on the identified problem areas. The recommendations presented are highly likely to be applicable to other machine-building enterprises. The methodological base of the research is represented by standard tools used to assess the company’s liquidity and its balance sheet such as coefficient analysis, comparison of integral indicators for individual asset groups, grouping and summarizing enterprise reporting data, horizontal and vertical analysis, analysis and synthesis of empirical data. The results of the study allowed us to conclude that the overall liquidity of the balance sheet and solvency of JSC “KORMZ” is quite high, which indicates that the company is well provided with liquid assets to repay current liabilities. The author identified a number of problem areas of company development: the decline of the most liquid assets financial investments cash and cash equivalents; the predominance of short-term funding sources over long term; conservation of dependence on borrowed funds; there is no growth in the company’s revenue in nominal terms and its decline in real terms (taking into account inflation). These problems are typical for the machine-building industry. The text contains recommendations on how to eliminate the identified problem areas in the company’s liquidity management.

Over the past twenty years in Russia, the topic of project management as the most promising and innovative approach to the implementation of goals and a factor in the economic development has been actively discussed in scientific papers and Internet. At the same time, this management approach to be unforced for the construction-engineering sector as a project-oriented one. The purpose of the work was to find out how flexible project management methodologies relate to the specifics of the construction-engineering sector in Russia, and what problems may arise when implementing them in large construction companies in practice. Based on the economic observation of a company that performs complex works on the construction of oil and gas facilities, the analysis of practical data and theoretical foundations of the issue was carried out using inductive, analytical and synthetic research methods. As a result, it is revealed that most of the factors of the internal and external environment of a large construction enterprise contribute to the development of a mechanistic management configuration, which is in contradiction with the practices of project management. In particular, this may be manifested in the discrepancy between the management model adopted in the company and the level of delegation of authority and responsibility required for the successful functioning of project structures. It is proved that the attempt to implement a matrix project structure in the company at the middle management level while maintaining the matrix method of organizing the interaction of services with the head office leads to triple subordination and overloading of professionals. It is found out that a linear-functional structure in a compartment with strict formal ties, relentless control and centralization of power are the most natural for the operating core of a large construction enterprise, but this management model leads to low adaptability and demotivation of production units. Conclusions are drawn about the need to develop new effective forms of organizing the work of construction-engineering departments that ensure the adaptation of project management methods to the specifics of construction-engineering production; the importance of a comprehensive and consistent approach to the implementation of project management in all structural parts of the company is confirmed.

The purpose of this work is to highlight the results of the study of a set of typical office processes of a large industrial enterprise in the machine-building sector by the example of JSC ‘Afrikantov OKBM”. As a result, we have identified lists of processes that require optimization with a description of the primary causes that indicate this fact, as well as proposed measures that can eliminate these causes and optimize the identified processes. The research was conducted using well-known methods of sociological research-direct survey and interactive questionnaire (through the enterprise information system available to all its employees), processing of research results was carried out using well-known scientific methods (grouping, classification, analysis, synthesis, etc.), as well as taking into account the application of process, complex functional and system approaches. The paper describes the main prerequisites and approaches to identifying inefficient processes of industrial enterprises, defines the goals and objectives of the study, describes the object and subject of the study, provides methodological approaches to the research, and also introduces an excerpt of the results of the study by the example of the most common office processes. The results of these studies contribute to the effectiveness of the work organization of all categories of employees, and, as a consequence, are not only a tool to preserve and increase the level of employees’ satisfaction with office processes of the company and increase their involvement in the labor process as a whole and, consequently, increase the productivity of employees. The results of the research and the proposed solutions can be borrowed and used for the industrial enterprises and complexes with similar activities.

Relevance. The article analyzes the features of cultural sector management at the regional level. The development of culture in a market society has its own peculiarities and contradictory development trends. The prevailing economic approach is not always effective for the development of culture itself, on the other hand, there are unequal conditions for access of various social groups of the population and regions to the services of cultural institutions. Taking into account the role of culture in society, the problems of managing the sphere of culture remain relevant for public and municipal authorities. The purpose of the research is to study the contradictions of development and management of the cultural sphere in a changing society and determine the strategic directions of cultural policy in the region. System and activity approaches, as well as structural and functional analysis, were used as the methodological bases of the research. In the research process, the authors used the following methods: analysis of documents, statistics, systemic-structural and comparative method. State of research on cultural issues. The role of culture, significance of regional policy in the field of culture, the rationale of the importance of culture as a development factor of the region were considered in the works of Yionin L. G., Tulchinsky G. L., Sarycheva R V. The problems of management in the sphere of culture at the level of regions and municipalities were reflected in the works of such scholars as Moshkin S. V., Figlin L. A., Ryazanov A. V., Burlaka S. N., Murzina I. Ya. Research result. Based on the data obtained, it is established that the level of interest of the country’s residents in the development of the cultural sphere is very high. However, the population has a poor idea of the specific directions of cultural development in the regions, and notes a decrease in the level of availability of cultural institutions’ services. Conditions in small towns and rural areas are particularly unfavourable for the cultural sphere. The results of the research and recommendations proposed in this article can be used in the activities of state and municipal authorities in the field of culture. Scientific novelty. The theoretical provisions and conclusions contained in this article expand the scientific understanding of the management of the cultural sector in the region; contradictions that affect the effectiveness of the management of the cultural sphere are identified. Elements of novelty are present in a comprehensive study that examines the features of national cultural policy in the regions.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the situation in the small and medium-sized business sector in the Sverdlovsk region, identify problems that become an obstacle for the development of entrepreneurship in the region, and analyze measures of public support for small and medium-sized businesses. In the furtherance of this goal, the article uses the statistical analysis method and the method of theoretical analysis. The author analyzes the main statistical indicators of small and medium-sized businesses in the Sverdlovsk region, introduced on the websites of FSSS and the Federal Tax Service. A systematic analysis of the legal framework on the issue of state support for entrepreneurship in the region was carried out. The work of the institutes that are part of the business support infrastructure in the territory of the Sverdlovsk region is studied. As a result of this work, the author determined the level of development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Sverdlovsk region and introduced the main trends in its development, evaluated the effectiveness of public policy to support entrepreneurship and identified the problems that limit its development. A number of provisions of the article contain an element of scientific novelty. The possibilities of information systems for business support in the Sverdlovsk region are defined. Practical mechanisms for improving the business environment in the region are formulated.

Instilling a healthy lifestyle (HL) to the population is an urgent task of the public health status, since it affects both the life expectancy of people and its quality and is an important component of the economic life of the country, since a healthy nation is the basis for the national development and prosperity. To attract different segments of the population to conduct healthy lifestyle in everyday life, it is necessary to scrutinize what factors of the social environment affect a persons conscious and systematically reasonable behavior (optimal motor mode, tempering activities, balanced and rational nutrition, optimal work and rest regime, rejection of bad habits, stable emotional and psychological stability in negative and stressful situations), which provides an individual with physical, mental, spiritual and social well-being in the environment, they also contribute to active longevity. The study of factors and conditions for the healthy lifestyle development, which directly contribute to the development an adequate attitude to the conduct of a proper lifestyle, was carried out on the basis of domestic and foreign scientific research using a descriptive and analytical method. In the course of our research, it has been established that, despite the social, economic, legislative, educational, sanitary and hygienic measures taken by the state and Health Care Ministry, the success of a healthy lifestyle development depends on how consciously each citizen treats the protection and promotion of their health throughout their life, and not in a certain time.