Social and labor conditions for the development of Russian human capital in the knowledge economy

Abstract

Purpose. To show the need for the state, business structures and society to rethink the conditions for joint formation of opportunities for intensifying the development of the knowledge economy. Methods. To substantiate Russia’s readiness to develop and effectively use human resources in the knowledge economy, we used: the dynamics of sectoral changes in the structure of employment; the ratio of wages for workers in the real economy and the average wage; the ratio of average wages for professions of various skill levels; the dynamics of control figures for admission of students to higher education programs at the expense of the Federal budget. Results and practical significance. The article raises the problems of dissociation of interests of subjects of economic relations, which complicate the conditions for the progressive transition of Russia from a resource-based to knowledge economy. Analysis of statistical data and research results revealed: significant changes in the structure of employment in the Russian economy, which negatively affect the inter-industry relations in the cost of labor; annual increase in “labor poverty” in the structure of employment in Russia; narrowing the range of differentiation of labor of employees of different qualifications, which reduces the attractiveness of the labor of employees of the “Knowledge” category in the Russian Federation. International comparisons show a significant scientific and human potential for Russia’s development, but there are persistent gaps in the development of competitive employment and the transfer of research results to the production process, and, as a result, the Russian economy is highly dependent on imported innovative products and technologies, and the outflow of intellectual human capital continues. Scientific novelty. The authors have formed a model of universal competencies of employees of the “Knowledge” category; identified priority tasks of intellectualization of Russian society, the solution of which requires improving the mechanisms of interaction between the state, vocational education institutions and labor market participants in Russia.