Vol. 35 No. 5 (2018)

The article analyzes the system of relations of bribes, bribery and corruption, ways to turn bribery into corruption and vice versa. Proves the thesis that corruption is such a system and method of producing bribery, which is based on a certain form of ownership of power and freedom. The liberation of freedom from freedom and the establishment of power over power and society opens in corruption its essence power coercion to the lack of freedom. It mediates the process of mastering the society of their freedom. As a result, society becomes a universal subject of corruption.

In his article «The Necessity of the Creation of the Universal Theory of Law, or the Essence and Problems of the Modern Fundamental Jurisprudence» the author surveys and reveals the urgent need and real possibility of the creation of the spiritually and appreciably universal system of scientific (lawmetric or measurological), fundamental jurisprudence to be designed for disposal of the “senseless infinity” of the widely propagated various, logically contradictory, artificially "systematized" without any spiritual and scientific basis, superstitious, pseudoscientific and fruitless academic misunderstandings, delusions and self-indulgences. The universal theory and philosophy of law is mainly submitted in the system of lawmetry and measurology of law, as well as in the spiritual and faith-teaching (spirito-fideo-gnostic) of the proper legal consciousness, and other common scientific methods of the research and studying, learning and fathoming of the State and Law essence and phenomena. The universal theory and philosophy of law is designed to study all the manifestations (poetic, mathematical, experimental, etc.), available to God-given measured human mind, and dimensions (measurements) of the proper and everlasting idea of law, as well as all the spheres, directions of actions of the immense spirit of law and lawful statute: religious, moral, national, linguistic, historical, demographic, economic, aesthetic, political, scientific, etc.

Purpose. To analyze changes in the ways of legitimation the power of the President of the Russian Federation from 2012 to 2018 and to identify the impact of political and socio-economic factors on this process. On the basis of the analysis to determine the most effective ways of legitimation of the power of the President of the Russian Federation at the present stage of socio-political development of Russia. Methods. On the basis of the modern classification of the ways of legitimation of power the analysis of two regular forms of communication of the President of the Russian Federation is carried out: «Direct line» with citizens and the Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly with elites. The choice of the subject of analysis (transcripts of the «Direct lines» and the presidential Address) is explained to the heterogeneity of the processes of legitimation of power, depending on the recipient of legitimation (people, elites). Thus, the ways of legitimation are analyzed not only on the basis of a given time interval, but also on the basis of the characteristics of the recipients' perception of the legitimizing message. Results. The main ways of legitimation the power of the head of state used in the framework of the «Direct line» and the Presidential Address are revealed. A comparative analysis of the features of legitimation through the «Direct line» and Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly. The factors contributing to the increase of the level of legitimacy of the Russian President's power before the Presidential elections in March 2018 are identified. The ways of legitimation, allowing to maintain a high level of legitimacy of the presidential power in difficult socio-economic conditions, are revealed, and the features of their use are defined. Scientific novelty. The method of determining the ways of legitimation of the power of the President of the Russian Federation is developed. On the basis of this approach, the most effective ways of legitimation of the power of the President of the Russian Federation are identified, as well as the prospects for their further use.

Purpose. Analysis of contemporary issues of the legal status of the head of the municipality in the system of local government. Methods. General scientific methodology of dialectical cognition was used, as well as historical, comparative legal, and system-structural methods. Results. The legal status of the head of the municipality in modern conditions has been analyzed. Conclusions have been drawn about the need for certain changes in the current legislation on local government. Scientific novelty. A new legal definition "head of the municipality" has been proposed; the provision of the necessity of their terms of office exclusively on a regular (professional) basis has been substantiated; the new model of municipal authority has been proposed.

In this article problems of realization modern information and communication technologies by state bodies are analyzed. The importance of digital technologies in increase in efficiency of public administration is noted. It is emphasized that use of a cloud computing can reduce cost and complexity of performance as usual computing tasks in the sphere of public administration, and perspective, computing, intensive research tasks. In article it is noted that a cloud computing allows the large distributed research groups to exchange more effectively data and resources that can promote carrying out the difficult cross-disciplinary researches necessary for the best understanding of social structures and systems, ecosystems, global climate change and other difficult phenomena. On the example of sociological researches of the USA data on the increased expectation of society from use of a cloud computing by state bodies, growth of the importance of digital services for satisfaction with actions of state bodies are provided. Methods. Elements of the system analysis, structurally functional approach and also general scientific methods of the analysis, synthesis are used Scientific novelty in identification a complex of problems realization a cloud computing in the system of public administration, identification of public expectations from quality of the public administration based on introduction cloud computing, statements strategic problems of cyber security of information systems.

Purpose. Analysis of the experience of using IT-technologies during the voting process in Estonia, risk assessment and the possibility of extrapolation in the Russian Federation. Methodology and methods. This article is based on a systemic and risk-based approach. In the study of the problem and the development of recommendations applied methods of analysis, synthesis, description. Scientific novelty and practical significance. Based on the experience of the Republic of Estonia in introducing and applying e-voting, the main advantages of introducing this system were systematized for the first time, including in terms of engaging the electorate in exercising their active electoral rights, identifying weaknesses and evaluating the basic conditions and factors for adapting this system in the Russian Federation. In the risk analysis, the main measures for leveling obstacles in terms of regulatory legal regulation were identified.

The strengthening of critical approaches in contemporary historical Litera-round to the development of capitalist relations in modern Russia, said elk and on the evolution of the esti-mates of NEP, manifesting itself in the growing pessimistic-ing conclusions about the impossi-bility of alternatives to the Stalinist variant of socio-economic development of the USSR. The article defends a different view, arguing that in the works of economists and employees of the state planning Commission 1927-1928. contained a reasonable modernization of the country based on mixed economy. The July (1928) Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) demonstrated a real alternative to the "leftist course" a variant of the industrialization of the country and the transformation of the peasant economy on the principles of the new economic policy.

This study has an analytical nature. It focuses on the relevance of mentoring among young people in the functioning of local communities through coordination with municipal youth policy authorities. Purpose. To analyze potential of mentoring as one of the most effective mechanisms of youth community management on the local level. Methods. Research methods include a set of general scientific methods, such as analysis, comparison, systematization and generalization of research data obtained by different authors. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that possibilities of mentoring among young people in the functioning of local communities through coordination with the actors of municipal youth policy were identified.

Relevance. Taxation is one of the main levers of government in managing the economy. On the one hand, taxes are the main source of public revenue, on the other, fiscal policy affects the behavior of individual agents and enterprises, and this impact often has a linear rather than a more complicated specification. In this regard, the issue of aggregate impact of tax regime on the rate of economic growth is topical. Tax policy measures influence the economy through a multitude of channels, thus justifying an extremely large coverage of the issues examined in this direction. Tax reforms are one of the main research interests in this direction. This interest is due to the need for expert support experienced by persons responsible for economic policy, if necessary to carry out reforms. The need may be due to a lack of funds for the implementation of political programs or, on the contrary, the desire to improve the well-being of citizens and accelerate economic development reducing tax burden. The long-term effects of mitigating tax burden depend on the principle of financing reform: a symmetric reduction in government spending or a return to high tax rates in future periods. Purpose. This work focuses on the analysis of the tax system and tax policy in various countries, as well as foreign experience of assessing their impact on economic growth rate. Methods, results and their novelty. In particular, we will first generalize foreign experience of analyzing the impact of changes in tax rates on economic growth rates. Than we will outline general conclusions about the impact of tax reforms on growth in different countries, cleared from national and temporal effects. Finally, we will review actual methods of overcoming endogeneity arising when assessing the impact of taxes on economic growth. Practical significance. We think that the results of the research will be of high practical importance in the light of discussion and implementation of tax reforms in Russia, as well as for those responsible for developing economic policies aimed at accelerating growth of the Russian economy.

Purpose. Study of the role and place of formation of mechanisms for the functioning of cluster structures in the economy of the regions of Russia. Methods. Systematization and generalization of conceptual approaches to the assessment of the role of clusters in the formation of territorial-industrial complexes; The 4K Concept is defined: in connection with which, the cluster can be considered as a 4K aggregate: 1) concentration; 2) competition; 3) cooperation; 4) competitiveness. Results. On the basis of scientifically based approaches and expert assessments, as well as their own conclusions, the necessity of Russia's transition to an innovative development path, which sets the task of transition from “technological degradation” to an innovative mode of production, is shown. In this connection, the transition to scientific activity in organizations of agricultural profile, improvement of the regulatory and legal framework of innovative development of production, introduction and development of new organizational and legal structures based on public-private partnership in inter-network cluster interrelations. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the fact that it has developed the concept of the main directions and tasks of modern cluster policy, as the main instrument for the modernization of the leading industry complexes of the subjects of the Federation.

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze and summarize the main theoretical approaches to the functions of state regulation of health care as a sector of the economy; the allocation of new functions of state regulation of health care. Methods of research. In the work the authors used the general methods used in the economy (analysis, synthesis, synthesis) on the basis of the description of the functions of state healthcare regulation. Results. The authors analyzed and summarized the existing functions of state regulation of the economy and the health sector, formulated new modern functions of state regulation of public health. Scientific novelty. The scientific-theoretical novelty lies in the systematization and development of theoretical positions in the study of the functions of state healthcare regulation. Scientific novelty consists in allocation of modern functions of state regulation by public health services.

The purpose of the study is the justification and formulation of the problems of public property management based on the global economic challenges to modern Russian economy, as well as development of ways to solve them. Methods. Justification and argumentation of conclusions were carried out by the author based on application of such methods of scientific knowledge as system, historical, inductive and deductive methods, and also the method of comparative analysis.. Results. The goals, objectives and principles of state property management in the modern digital economy were analyzed. The results of privatization in the Russian Federation were analyzed. The main problems of the existing methods of management of state enterprises in the context of restrictive measures were considered. The goals of accounting and monitoring of state property were formulated. Specific mechanisms to reduce the share of state participation in the Russian economy were proposed. Scientific novelty. Property relations are the main driving force of economic development in any society. The success of further socio-economic transformations in the Russian Federation largely depends on the level of state regulation of property relations. For these reasons, the consideration of scientific views of domestic authors, as well as proposals for new solutions for the revision of property management is very relevant.

Purpose: based on the analysis of the theoretical foundations and the officially published results of the activities of state unitary enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region, the actual problems of managing state unitary enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region are identified and practical recommendations for solving them are developed. Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the works of Russian scientists on the problems of state regulation of the economy, transitional economy, state property management, management theory (G. I. Idrisov, V. N. Knyaginin, A. L. Kudrin, E. S. Rozhkova, E..V. Orlov, Z.G. Yusupova, N.A. Istomin, V.I. Levchenko). In solving problems in the course of work, methods of logical, systemic, financial and economic analysis, economic and mathematical methods, statistical methods of data processing were used. Results. The following most pressing problems of managing state-owned unitary enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region are identified: a steady downward trend in the economic efficiency of the activities of state-owned unitary enterprises in the Sverdlovsk region; the imperfection of state planning in the management of state unitary enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region; decrease in the effectiveness of the control function in the management of state-owned unitary enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region, due to the tendency to reduce the information content of disclosed information on the results of management of these economic entities; imperfection of the regulatory framework (including a discrepancy in the anti-corruption legislation). Based on the analysis of the practice of managing state unitary enterprises, specific directions for improving the management of state unitary enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region are proposed. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty consists in the system analysis of the management of state unitary enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region, the identification of problems and the development of a set of practical recommendations aimed at solving them.

Purpose. Consideration of various aspects of a problem of risk management in entrepreneurial activity. Studying of risk management methods of entrepreneurial activity. Analysis of application of methods of risk minimization of entrepreneurial activity. Methods. In article as a teoretiko-methodological basis of a research of methods of risk minimization of entrepreneurial activity system and process approaches are used. Diversification of activities of the entity, limitation of risks, insurance and self-insurance as methods of risk minimization of entrepreneurial activity are considered. Results. Various aspects of practical application of such methods of risk minimization of entrepreneurial activity as diversification of activities of the entity, limitation of risks, insurance, self-insurance, accounting and assessment of the size of the used specific funds of the entity in its general funds are studied. The principles of application of methods of risk minimization of entrepreneurial activity are formulated. Problems of implementation of these principles are revealed. Scientific novelty. Processes of application of methods of risk minimization at the entity are described. Being guided by requirements of modern economy, the principles of application of methods of risk minimization of entrepreneurial activity are offered.

Purpose. Justification of the relevance, directions and mechanisms for integrating the principles of pre-trial conflict resolution (mediation) into the corporate governance system of Russian companies. Methods. The study is based on the analysis of literary sources on relevant topics; data from a pilot sociological survey (survey) and testing of managers of Russian companies; on the empirical experience of the authors of the article in the field of corporate governance and the integration of mediation into socially significant sectors. Results and practical significance. The need of collegial governing bodies of Russian companies for innovative mechanisms for the prevention and resolution of disputes (conflicts) has been identified; the demand of members of collegial bodies for the acquisition of competences in the field of conflict resolution (mediation). Conceptual guidelines have been developed for the formation of appropriate educational programs on mediation training, taking into account the specifics of the corporate management system. The directions and mechanisms for the integration of mediation into the corporate governance system of Russian companies, including proposals for the introduction of relevant regulatory provisions in corporate regulations, are substantiated. Scientific novelty. For the first time, detailed proposals were formulated for creating a system for preventing and resolving conflicts within collegial governing bodies based on the principles of mediation with the rationale for relevant educational programs and proposals for introducing changes to internal corporate regulatory documents.

Purpose and methods. The missile production was a new high-tech branch, that was created in the USSR on the eve of the Caribbean crisis. It allowed to defend the interests of the country on the international scene. This process has demanded the solution of a personnel problem. Stalin’s repressions were terminated and it was necessary to find other mobilization mechanisms allowing to solve personnel problems. The declassified documents and the principles of the theory of modernization are the base of this article and they allowed to analyze the principles of personnel policy in missile production, that had success in implementation of the Soviet rockets program. The solution of this problems is article purpose. Results. During this period there was a refusal of the isolation and caste shown in activity of small Council of chief designers led by S.P. Korolev to the middle 1950-x in favor of the competition between chief designers and the design organizations headed by them. New talented the designers: M.K. Yangel, V.N. Chelomey, V.P. Makeev and others had appeared. The Soviet planned economy had problems of limitation of resources and short terms of the state orders. In these conditions the competition sometimes had destructive results: the aspiration not to receive new responsible projects, but to improve old (for example, refusal the S.P. Korolev from development of missiles of mine based); or to the overestimated requirements in relation to the power when developing new projects, the last was especially peculiar to V.N. Chelomey. S.P. Korolev and V.P. Glushko's conflict is known, but the similar conflicts were between all leading designers, except for V.P. Makeev who has focused on development to a highly specialized perspective ballistic missiles for submarines. Scientific novelty. On the basis of studying of the declassified archival materials the following conclusion has been drawn. Economic mechanisms, for example, awarding, improvement of living conditions were important factors of stimulation of labor collectives. Actually it was necessary to use elements of market economy and to refuse partially from the Soviet principle of equalizing of income of workers. Noneconomic methods of stimulation in this sphere haven't brought the desirable results and their use was limited. As a result the Soviet rocket production has reached in days of "Khruschev's thaw" of high growth rates.

The purpose of the article is to discover synergetic nature of human capital as a factor of efficient management under the conditions of information society. Methods. As a theoretical and methodological basis for the scientific development of the human capital problem the authors use the concept on synergetics. Results. Based on synergetic conception, the authors analyze new trends of organization development, using as an analogue the behavior of highly complex social systems under the conditions of disequilibrium and uncertainty. Under such conditions the organizations, which refer to open systems, reveal capability for self-organization and self-management, to the differentiation and complication of social roles and the increase of social “sensitivity”. The catalyst for these changes in the organization is the development of human capital. This process increases the potential of the organization creativity and its productivity. Accordingly, there is a restructuring of structural connections and relationships in the organization, the ratio of "vertical" and "horizontal" changes in favor of the latter. To consolidate these trends, it is necessary to change the management strategy, in particular, the formation of new approaches in personnel policy. A career management model of its employees is considered as a special tool of personnel policy, contributing to the formation of human capital in an organization. Scientific novelty. The necessity of a paradigm shift in social cognition caused by the entry of the society into the information age and the corresponding dramatic changes in the economy, social structures, culture and politics are proved in the article. A change in the theoretical and methodological perspective allows us to put the question of the dependence of the organization's management strategy and increasing of its effectiveness on human capital, a purposeful policy of its formation and development.

Purpose. The article addresses one of the urgent management problems-the transformation of higher education in the context of digitalization. Methods. Analysis of the transformation vector of higher education in the digital economy. Results. The analysis reveals the main directions of reorganization of the educational process based on the use of artificial intelligence technologies for the next decades. Scientific novelty. The novelty of the research approach is to determine the main directions of transformation of the educational process in the University in the digital economy.

Purpose. The study is purposed at analyzing the actual system of funding universities, and developing recommendations for optimizing the methodology for financing the costs of universities in the North-East of Russia, taking into account regional differentiation and appreciation. Methods. The normative budgetary provision of federal universities and its regulation are analyzed with the help of existing corrective coefficients, based on the principle of normative per capita financing. The analysis is based on the actual system of financing of higher education institutions-budget recipients. Results. Based on the results of the analysis, the factors of appreciation of educational services provided by universities located in regions with extreme living conditions of the population, functioning of the economy and infrastructure were identified. The main scientific result of the research is a scientifically grounded conclusion on the need for activities aimed at supporting higher educational institutions in the North-East of Russia, which ensure the solution of territorial development tasks, including by establishing special raising coefficients to the financial support standards that take into account the activities of these universities in special economic and geoclimatic conditions. Scientific novelty. The coefficients of variation were used in determining and analyzing the weight of the main categories of costs in the structure of the aggregate costs of universities. It was revealed that the current methodology for funding (subsidizing) universities, applied by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, does not take into account the significant differentiation of the weighting characteristics of actual costs in the structure of aggregate expenditures of universities.

In the conditions of growing competition in the market of educational services, universities set themselves the task of increasing the efficiency of activities and ensuring competitiveness in the external and internal market of educational services. This task encourages them to actively study the problems of competitiveness management, by changing the parameters of competition and forming an appropriate strategy of behavior in the market. The university gets a competitive advantage when it gives its service a property that makes it more attractive to consumers than a similar service of a competitor.

Purpose. The rise of educational service management quality and educational organizations competitiveness is suggests research management in education organizations, which based on using electronic information educational environment and determines gaps, goal and objective of research. Methods. Empirical method of comparison for detection the same and different electronic information educational environment components of higher educational organizations, theoretical methods for forming structure, making conclusion about composition, such as study, synthesis, analysis are used in the article. The article is basis on domestic and foreign researches about educational organization management problems. Results. Comparative analysis of educational organization management, electronic information educational environment composition, conclusion about composition, the position about difference between electronic information educational environment compositions of higher educational organizations was justified in the article. Scientific novelty. The position on the difference in the composition of the EIOS was justified in the article.