Vol. 40 No. 4 (2019)

Purpose. The research paper is devoted to the creation of a collective portrait of members of the Public Chamber of the Sverdlovsk region. The subject of the study is the socio-demographic and socio-professional characteristics of the members of the regional Public Chamber. Practical experience shows that at certain moments of acute public discussions, when a platform is needed for the coordination of interests between the society (or its separate active group) and the ruling elite, the regional Public Chamber plays a passive role and takes a "wait-and-see" position. The discrepancy between the theory and practice of the functioning of this institution requires the presence of some explanatory model. The hypothesis of our research is the following: the reason that the regional Public Chamber does not always cope with its function (to be a place of coordination of interests of different groups of society and authorities) is its personnel. Methods. The article is based on Ignacio Arana's concept of elites, positional approach, and the theory of deliberative democracy. De jure, members of the elite derive their influence from their legal, formal positions, while de facto members of the elite exercise influence based on their role in society. The first category includes such positions as heads of state, heads of government, Ministers, Deputy Ministers, judges, governors, deputies, party leaders, ambassadors, advisers and senior civil servants. The second category includes businesspersons, lobbyists, Trade Union leaders, analysts, scientists, journalists, and opinion leaders. In our case, the members of the regional Public Chamber are the de facto political elite. Comparativism (method of comparative analysis) was the main analytical tool. The biographical method was used in the research paper. Results. Because of the study, the authors concluded that a typical member of the regional Public Chamber is a mature man with the education in a technical field engaged in socially useful activities. Scientific novelty. An explanatory model of the passive role of the regional Public Chamber is proposed.

The essence and content of the policy of engineering education are analyzed. The study notes that the most active subject of integration of all "social orders": from the political and economic classes (bourgeoisie, aristocracy, clergy, political parties, public organizations, elite groups, economic entities (industrial corporations, etc.), and the community is the state. However, the state in the person of the bearers of power-elite groups-is not only and not so much a mediator and referee in the interaction, struggle and even conflict of interests and relevant "orders". Its role cannot be reduced to the aggregation and articulation of some common integral interest formed because of this struggle (or interaction). The state, first, is the voice of the leading political interest and the corresponding order (the source of which are the individual, group interests of the ruling elites or public interests). National and state policies are not identical. Educational policy is characterized as areas of struggle and coordination of the interests of the state and civil society represented by various institutions, primarily economic structures and the academic community. There are three models of educational policy: paternalistic, liberal and socially oriented. According to the results of the study, the educational policy of engineering education is the activity of political actors and civil society institutions for the harmonization of political interests, defining the goals, objectives, imperatives, priorities, ideology of development of system of engineering education and implementation of financial, ideological and administrative control. The main components of educational policy as an activity are goal setting and strategic planning; development and extrapolation into the education system of axiology and ideology of education; regulation; administration, regulation and control of the educational system development.

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of state support of young Russian compatriots abroad and international cooperation in this field. The purpose of the research is to analyze the content, mechanisms and instruments of the public policy of compatriots support abroad, to identify current trends and topical issues of young compatriots support, to study foreign experience in the field of youth policy. The study is based on the theory of public policy. The article analyzes the statistical data characterizing the number of Russian compatriots abroad and their distribution in foreign countries. Federal regulatory legal acts, which reflect the content of the public policy of compatriots support abroad, were studied by the method of document analysis. Representatives of the Federal Agency for Youth Affairs (Rosmolodezh) and the Federal institution "International Youth Center", as well as experts from foreign countries: the Kyrgyz Republic, Poland and the Republic of Armenia were interviewed by free expert interviews. The study found that young Russian compatriots around the world are implementing various initiatives, activities, projects that deserve support from the state and public organizations. The article analyzes the content and main directions of the public policy of compatriots support abroad. Various instruments and mechanisms of state and non-state support of young compatriots abroad are investigated. Such form of support as assistance to voluntary resettlement of compatriots to the Russian Federation is considered in detail. The activity of public organizations and foundations, youth associations supporting young compatriots abroad was studied. The interviewed experts assessed the state of cooperation with foreign partner countries in the field of youth policy and organizations supporting compatriots abroad. The article draws conclusions about the variety of different instruments and mechanisms of state and non-state support for young compatriots abroad, about the strengthening of state support for young compatriots abroad in recent years, about the revitalization of public organizations and foundations, youth associations that support young compatriots abroad. The most topical issues of international cooperation in this area are identified: youth entrepreneurship, support for startups and business projects, development of volunteer movement, as well as the use of the Internet for the organization of interaction and promotion of ideas and projects.

The purpose of the study of the political and philosophical content of labor relations and working time. Research of the problem of labor activity understanding, the maintenance of working time and features of work in modern conditions of market economy is of key importance for labor and social and political relations development. It is especially relevant now, when market relations development and restructuring of many sectors of the domestic economy is taking place. A modern political and philosophical approach to the study of labor and working time is closely related to the legal and economic one and is based on improving the rights of workers by introducing new forms of employment. Such topical political and philosophical issues of labor activity as labor employment and freedom, the purpose of labor and its goals, working time as the basis of labor are studied. Methods. The comparative method of research is applied. The comparative analysis of legal, economic and political elements in the content of working time is carried out. The functional, comparative-legal and formal-logical method of cognition were used too. Results. The main directions of studying the political and philosophical content of labor relations and working time are formulated. Taking into account the development of new forms of employment and types of working hours, the results of the study may contribute to the introduction of more flexible working conditions. Novelty and relevance. The study of the political and philosophical content of labor relations and working time in the framework of international political mechanisms of working time control is due to the fact that at present, during the reform of the Russian system of labor relations, the issue of new forms of working time, increasing the efficiency of its use is acute. Therefore, new requirements for international political mechanisms for working hours regulating are of key importance. It is also important to generalize the theory and practice of working time use and its types in foreign countries, in order to improve the labor relations policy and the possible introduction of more flexible working conditions.

Purpose. To establish the presence or absence of relationship between the level of corruption and the legitimacy of state power. To analyze how the level of corruption affects the legitimacy of state power. Methods. To solve the issue, two opposite approaches existing in the scientific community are analyzed. The first, which is more common, is that corruption is assessed as a factor negatively affecting the legitimacy of state power. In the second approach, it is noted that the possibility of committing corruption crimes with impunity ensures the loyalty of the state authorities among the elites. Taking into account the theoretical approaches, the paper compares surveys and ratings that demonstrate the perception of corruption by the population in the Russian Federation with surveys that reflect the level of legitimacy of state power and other indicators that reflect the studied problem. Results. Using the empirical data, the relationship between the level of perception of the problem of corruption and the approval ratings of the authorities and trust in it was established. It was found that the dynamics of perception of the problem of corruption does not always correspond to the dynamics of actual corruption. It is concluded that the level of legitimacy of state power depends on the level of perception of corruption, which may not correspond to the actual level of corruption due to the many factors, including such as active coverage of corruption issues in the media, public response caused by individual corruption crimes, etc. In addition, the author makes a conclusion on what types of corruption affect public opinion and may negatively affect the level of legitimacy of state power. The scientific novelty includes complex consideration of the influence of corruption on the legitimacy of state power by comparing statistical data characterizing different sides of the studied phenomena.

The purpose of this research is to study the economic and legal foundations of the state financial control regulation, to identify the problems of its regulation and develop proposals aimed at improving the legal regulation of the state financial control in the field of higher education. The study emphasizes that, despite the importance of a developed and well-coordinated mechanism of legal regulation, the issue of its improvement in terms of state financial control in the field of higher education is poorly studied in modern both economic and legal scientific literature. At the same time, control is an important element of the public administration process and contributes to the successful solution of the tasks that face the state, including the effective budget management. It is noted that a number of problematic aspects in the definition of state financial control are due to the complexity in identifying the general category of control and supervision activities as an element of state construction. The study formulated the author's definition of state financial control in the field of education, revealing its complex nature, the mechanism of implementation and the system of statutory regulation. It is found out that the state financial control is based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Budget Code of the Russian Federation, separate legislative acts; subordinate normative legal acts (Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation). At the same time, regulatory sources of state financial control in the sphere of higher education do not fix the mechanism of its organization and implementation. In order to eliminate this gap, the authors propose a number of changes to both the Federal legislation on education and by-laws regulating the competence of subjects of control activities in the studied area.

Purpose. Identification of trends in the development of private banking in Russia, taking into account the specifics of the target audience. The study notes that to date, there has not been a unified approach to the category of “private banking”, which leads to the fact that in some cases, credit institutions position their services as specially provided for customers of the private banking segment, although in fact they correspond only to the level of mass affluent service. However, the study of the customer profiling and his financial status is the basis for the development of investment strategy, significant customer characteristics are: ethnicity, age, marital status, professional affiliation, place of residence of the customer, as well as the purpose and term of investments. When assessing the financial condition of the client, the amount and sources of annual income, the share of the state and the amount of liquid funds that the client plans to place in the credit institution are taken into account. Methods. The methodological basis of the study was general scientific and special methods of cognition. In particular, such methods as analysis, comparison, segmentation and retrospective approach were used. Results. The specificity of domestic private banking, the criteria for segmentation of private banking clients, as well as the characteristics of five groups of services for private banking clients are presented. A retrospective analysis of the development of private banking in Russia is carried out; a comparative analysis of premium packages for particularly important clients of Russian banks is presented. Scientific novelty. The principles of private banking in Russia are highlighted, as well as the trends and specifics of the private banking development in Russia, including changes in the structure of demand and supply of services.

The analysis and synthesis of the existing experience in the development of the doctrine of food security of Russia is carried out, conceptual theoretical, methodological and practical shortcomings are highlighted, reflecting the subjective and contractual nature, mainly on the extensive and partially intensive reproduction of the country's agriculture on individual large farms and sub-sectors of the agricultural complex. It is emphasized that such a way does not allow radically solving the highlighted problem and getting out of foreign dependence on key aspects of the development of domestic production of high-quality food for the entire population of the country. Theoretical, methodological, organizational, technological, practical principles for the successful solution of food security in a short time are revealed. On the basis of the undertaken general conclusion, the necessary and sufficient set of the interdisciplinary tools providing complete awareness of the allocated problem in the context of certainty knowledge of structure, the contents, the objective mechanism of development and the mechanism of rational management of agriculture in the country on overcoming all system internal and external crises in agriculture and other economic spheres. At the same time, an expanded set of universal and socio-economic laws of human development society in nature, which determine the objective course of evolution of agriculture and all spheres of life of the country, is highlighted. Inclusion of the underlined set of laws in the development of the concept and strategy of development of agricultural complex of Russia contributes to a truly science-based, high performance management according to the levels of economy management. The basic requirements to the concept of development of agricultural innovative reproduction, which are the basis for revolutionary development of a domestic economic complex, are formulated.

This article examines the complex of problems associated with the development of artificial intelligence and the rapid introduction of these technologies worldwide in the economic sphere. The author considers the concept of "artificial intelligence", analyzes the barriers to the development of the digital economy. It is stated that in economically developed countries, the number of technological process operations carried out by robotic complexes increases annually, freeing up a large number of personnel. The author also considered various Internet sources, scientific and popular books on the problem, because of which the main conclusions on the problem were formulated. The purpose of this article is to analyze the consequences of the widespread introduction of artificial intelligence technologies on the changes in the number of jobs in the labor market, as well as the development of a set of measures to minimize them and solve the problems of employment of the working-age population. Methods: statistical analysis, comparative analysis, content analysis, Internet sources, systematization and generalization of research data obtained by various authors. The results of the work were researched and the author's interpretation of the category "artificial intelligence" was given. The article analyses the socio-economic situation in some developed countries, resulting from the automation of production, wide use of robotics, conclusions about the need for preventive measures to minimize the negative effects of the proliferation of artificial intelligence technologies in various spheres of employment of the working-age population. Scientific novelty: the concept of "artificial intelligence" is clarified, a set of measures aimed at solving socio-economic problems arising in connection with structural changes in the labor market due to the growing use of artificial intelligence technologies in the economy is developed and proposed.

The purpose of this study is to determine the opportunities of the agro industrial complex of the Republic and the development of organizational and economic directions of its improvement based on strategic management. Methods: abstract-logical method was used to formulate concepts, reveal the essence of the market economy and the agricultural market, management of agriculture, determining trends in their development; statistical-economic and calculation-analytical methods are used in the economic assessment of economic entities in a market economy. Results: basic trends of development of agro industrial complex of the Republic of Bashkortostan geographically are identified; priority areas in crop production are substantiated; the estimation of potential of growth of production volumes in the context of the strategic directions of development of agriculture is carried out. As calculated in accordance with the extensive-intensive scenario of agricultural development, the following results were obtained on the volume of crop production in all categories of farms of the Republic of Bashkortostan for the long term: 1) grain crops: in the Republic 6.6 million tons, including sub-regions: Western 2.4, North-West 0.6, North-East 0.3, North 0.1, Ural 0.7, Central 0.8, South 1.7 million tons. 2) field and protected ground vegetables: in the Republic 6.0 million tons, including sub-regions: Western 1.6, North-West 0.3, North-East 0.3, North-0.3, Ural 0.4, Central 1.9, South 1.2 million tons. The scientific novelty is in the fact that the proposed measures can be used in the development of forecast indicators of agricultural enterprises, to increase the volume of output and increase its economic efficiency

Purpose: to assess the possibilities and feasibility of the introduction of modern information and intelligent technologies in highway transport in the urban environment, to study the prerequisites and conditions for the development of self-driving vehicles. Methods: the research is based on the methods of theoretical and quantitative research: analysis of existing concepts and classifications, economic and statistical analysis of world, national and regional data related to the performance of highway transport, simulation of the conditions for self-driving vehicles performance in the urban environment. A communicative method of collecting information using electronic forms of survey was used. Results: the essence of the concept "Internet of things", the level of its modern development is studied, the place of self-driving vehicles in the structure of the directions of the "Internet of things" application is determined, their classification is considered. The statistical data allowing estimating economic conditions of highway transport performance are studied and analyzed, their correlation analysis is undertaken. A sociological survey was carried out in order to identify the attitude of the population to the introduction and development of modern intellectual technologies in highway transport, as well as factors influencing them. Conclusions: the study found that the "Internet of things" is rapidly entering into human social life, including transport, which confirms both the versatile orientation of this concept and the statistics of the information networks expansion. The analysis of statistical data proved the existence of prerequisites and the need for the introduction of intelligent systems in transport within the "Internet of things", the means of implementation of which is a self-driving vehicle. The direction and character of interrelation of the indicators characterizing the performance of transport with various economic factors is established. During the sociological survey, the attitude of the population to the possibilities of using self-driving vehicles was established. Proceeding from the results of the survey, the simulation of proposals for overcoming the factors and risks hindering the development of intelligent systems in transport was carried out; the advantages of using self-driving vehicles were identified.

Purpose. The article is devoted to the analysis of the main parameters of the development of the public road sector in the Russian Federation for 2007-2017, the justification of the role and importance of the national project "Safe and quality highways" in solving problems in this area. Methods. To achieve this goal, we used such scientific methods as economic, statistical and comparative analysis, methods of generalization and system analysis, monographic method. Results and scope. The analysis revealed the key risks of the implementation of this national project, including lack of funds in the budgets of the Russian Federation subjects for the implementation of the project; insufficient provision of special equipment and mechanical equipment for the large amount of high quality activity for civil engineering companies; the risk of low quality of road construction; placement of means of photo-video recording of traffic violations in places where they will bring more money to the budget in the form of fines, and not in really emergency-dangerous places, etc. The example of the Vologda region shows that with the beginning of the national project implementation in 2019 in this area the amount of budget expenditures will significantly increase (1.6 times in 2019 compared to 2018) for the development of the general importance highways. As a result, the amount of maintenance functions of the roads in the region will rise drastically (16 times: from 14.6 km in 2018 up to 238 km in 2019) and artificial structures as well. Scientific novelty. The conducted systematic analysis of trends in the development of the public roads sector in Russia, the parameters and activities of the national project, as well as many expert opinions of scientists and practitioners in this area allowed to justify the main risks and possible problems in the implementation of this national project, the elimination of which will allow to achieve all the goals and objectives to which it is aimed.

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to identify the features and problems of economic analysis and accounting of biological assets at the enterprises of the agro-industrial complex of Russia, to determine the directions of accounting development. Methods. The research methodology is based on the principles of economic, regulatory and legal assessment and interpretation of data. The research involved the following methods: bibliographic analysis, analysis of economic indicators in the field of agriculture, synthesis, deduction and induction, system approach, comparison. Results. A review of literary sources and the existing legislation allowed to establish a difference in the principles and methods of accounting and biological assets assessment, enshrined in the Russian and international standards of accounting and assessment reports. According to the results of the economic analysis of indicators on livestock and crop production, the problems of the agricultural sector development are established. The paper reveals the features of animals and plants accounting in Russia. The importance of the information generated in the process of accounting for the needs of management personnel of the organization, justified by the optimal organizational decision-making, is shown. The influence of the accounting system status on the results of financial and economic activities of enterprises is shown. The conclusion is made about the need to transform accounting in agriculture in accordance with the provisions of IFRS. Научная новизна. Обосновано влияние порядка организации системы бухгалтерского учета Scientific novelty. The influence of the organizational order of the accounting system of biological assets on the status of the agricultural sector is substantiated. Based on this approach, the possibility of growth of economic indicators in the industry by attracting additional foreign capital is established. The use of IFRS principles in the process of formation of accounting and reporting information was the condition for increasing the investment attractiveness.

The purpose of the work “Improvement of passenger cars imports control in the state control system of foreign economic activity” is to develop an economically sound proposal to improve the customs and tariff regulation when importing cars of foreign production on the territory of the Russian Federation. Methods of economic and statistical analysis were used for the calculations. The rates changing dynamics of import customs duties for cars in the accession of the Russian Federation to the world trade organization and passenger cars imports in Russia in 2008-2017 were analyzed. The problems associated with the reduction of import duties for passenger cars were studied. The cost of vehicle tax on imported vehicles under the existing and proposed rates and the magnitude of financial losses for the state budget from the reduction of import duties were calculated. Economic assessment of the effectiveness of the unified transport tax introduction of foreign produced shows the feasibility of its application. This measure will reduce the negative impact of the consequences of the reduction of financial revenues reduction due to the reduction of import customs duties on imported cars. In addition, this measure will indirectly help to increase the price competitiveness of cars produced in the territory of the Russian Federation, which the authors refer to as manufacturers of domestic brands and manufacturers of foreign brands assembled in the territory of the Russian Federation. The scientific novelty lies in the development and economic justification of the application of a unified transport tax on cars imported into the territory of the Russian Federation. The scheme of calculation of the unified transport tax without regard for a region and depending on age of the car at the time of import on customs territory of the Russian Federation is offered.

Purpose. This article examines the role of the cooperative movement in modern Russia. Cooperation is a popular form of management especially for small forms, such as farms and private farms. Methods. The products produced in these farms similar to the products of organic agriculture are analyzed. Small-scale farms produce agricultural products of approximately ½ of the share in relation to agricultural enterprises, and for some crops even more. However, the problem is with the sale of products. Aggressive marketing strategies do not always satisfy farmers with price when selling products. It often happens that farmers are deprived of a free market niche to sell their products due to high competition from agricultural processors. Results. Cooperation is actually becoming a necessary form of management in Russia. Its role is to improve the socio-economic situation of rural people. There are conditions for the development of cooperation, but despite this, its development is slow. The reason for this is a large business that has a high market share and distributes the resource potential in its favor. The viability of cooperatives will be ensured only if they unite in a single system for their activities. This system should be based on regulated commodity relations. This requires state support for agricultural cooperation. We cannot say that the demand for agricultural products is fully satisfied. Therefore, the moderate growth of agricultural cooperatives is quite predictable. The scientific novelty involves the study of the viability of the cooperative movement and the conditions of sustainable development. According to the authors, creation of an agro-industrial union of cooperatives of various types able to oppose competition between cooperatives should become the result of the integration activity at the district level.

Purpose. Development of a methodology for assessing the impact of state control and supervision activities on the performance of small and medium-sized businesses. The authors note that state regulation of entrepreneurship is one of the most important functions of public administration in general, and state support for entrepreneurship is one of the directions of public policy. This assessment is particularly relevant in relation to the study of the functioning of small and medium-sized businesses. The streamlining of control and supervision procedures in relation to small and medium-sized enterprises is designed to reduce the administrative burden in accordance with the reform of control and supervision activities. At the same time, the implementation of this reform is ambiguous and requires assessment from the point of view of the first results of the impact on the functioning of small and medium-sized businesses. However, the assessment of such indicators is difficult due to the complexity of the object of assessment, the variety of methods and approaches to assessing the results of state control and supervision, and municipal control, as well as the influence of a number of external factors of a macroeconomic nature. These circumstances have determined the relevance of the study concerning the analysis of the impact of control and supervision activities on the functioning of small and medium-sized businesses. Methods. The system approach was used as the main one; the methods of comparative analysis, comparison, analogy and generalization were applied. Results. The main result of this theoretical and methodological study is the methodology developed by the authors to assess the impact of control and supervision activities of the state on the performance of small and medium-sized businesses. Scientific novelty. The authors analyzed the main approaches to assessing the impact of state control and supervision activities on the functioning of small and medium-sized businesses, identified the advantages and disadvantages of the application for public authorities and their activities, proposed a method of evaluation, the interests of various stakeholders.

The study compares the explanatory power of two alternative long-term determinants of the real effective exchange rate of the Russian ruble, oil prices and oil export revenues, in three variants of the error correction model. The linear model shows that during the period of managed nominal exchange rate from January 1999 to October 2014 explanatory properties of oil prices and oil export revenues are identical. In the model with structural break-in short-run parameters in November 2014 (when the Central Bank of Russia switched to a floating exchange rate and inflation-targeting policy) and in the Markov regime-switching model with two states, the oil price has higher explanatory power. This result could be explained, first, by the fact that since November 2014 oil revenue changes were mainly due to oil price movements rather than fluctuations in the volume of oil exports. In addition, information channel played an important role in the exchange rate dynamics. In this channel, with the non-instant adjustment of oil export price contracts, increase or decrease in the world price of oil forms expectations about the future rise (drop) of contract prices of exported oil, leading to an instant appreciation (depreciation) of the nominal and real exchange rates.

The article analyzes the main factors influencing the change in the content of the marketing function of human resources of the organization in the current context. These include: changes in labor supply in the labor market due to demographic processes; changes in the demand for labor in the transition to the information stage of society development; a fundamental change in the structure of demand for labor and change in the structure of demand for jobs; globalization of labor markets. Based on the research, the article formulated proposals to improve the marketing of human resources of organizations in the country. According to the authors, the main efforts to provide Belarusian organizations with personnel should focus on the following areas: the study of trends in the labor market in order to transform and improve the competitiveness of jobs; the development of new technologies to find and attract the right personnel; the development of new technologies to retain key employees, improvement of job attractiveness for them; development of winning strategies in the competition for personnel. The article notes that one of the main reasons for the emerging challenges in providing organizations with highly qualified and effective personnel is the discrepancy between the requirements of employees and the existing characteristics of workplaces. To eliminate this contradiction in the course of human resources marketing, it is necessary to study the market of possible supply of labor in order to determine the likely reaction of consumers to the planned creation of new jobs. At the same time, it is necessary to increase the attractiveness of jobs already offered to the market by improving and modifying them. The labor market clearly signals the preferences of potential employees. Modern generations entering the labor market prefer office, creative activities, free work schedule, decent wages. They are ready to themselves and improve their professional level, but they are not ready to wait for decades for promotion.

Purpose. The study of social orientation and value strategies of civil service executives. The study notes that value orientations, in contrast to life goals and plans, is rigidly tied to the solution of specific life tasks, determine the general line of behavior in a certain sphere of life, thereby providing its sufficiently flexible regulation. Methods. Psychodiagnostic test methods: Schwartz value questionnaire, E. Shane's "career Anchor" technique, Thomas test, as well as the Mann-Whitney test to verify the statistical validity of differences between the compared groups and factor analysis with varymax rotation to identify the latent structure of value and career orientation, as well as trends in interaction. Results. The subjective hierarchy of value and career orientation, as well as trends in interaction is revealed, it is established that there are significant differences in a number of indicators due to the occupied position of the participants. Eight value strategies defining the prosocial or pro-personal vector of activity of the executive are allocated. It is shown that social focus is not predominant in the structure of the general orientation in the personality of the participants. It is concluded that in the value-motivational sphere of the civil service executives, pro-personal value strategies prevail, while the differences in them are due to the position that the study participants occupy in the managerial hierarchy. It is assumed that some of the pro-personal value strategies can serve as a basis for strengthening the pro-social activity of the civil service executives. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty lies in the comparative study of value strategies of civil service executives, occupying different positions in the managerial hierarchy.

Purpose. The purpose of this article is to study the psychological well-being and behavioral patterns of employees in connection with the spread of toxic practices of personnel management in the Russian Federation. Methods. In the framework of the theoretical study, modern scientific approaches to the phenomenon of social pollution and organizational toxicity are analyzed, as well as the basic concepts of psychological well-being are studied. The empirical study, conducted in 2019, used quantitative and qualitative research methods: including questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and psychodiagnostic tools. Results and practical significance. The authors have identified three main behavioral patterns facing with high toxicity of the organizational environment: active rejection, passive rejection, care. It was found that employees with high levels of psychological well-being are more likely to make a decision to change jobs with increased toxicity of the organizational environment, compared with employees with low levels of psychological well-being. Respondents with high rates of self-acceptance, autonomy, and environmental management are less exposed to the toxicity of the organizational environment. The conclusion is made about the importance of comprehensive efforts with personal resources of the personnel and managerial culture of the head to reduce the toxicity of workplaces. The practical significance of the study is due to the need to take into account the phenomenon of social pollution in the development of social and personnel policy of enterprises and involves the development of a scientific basis for the formation and implementation of effective management decisions aimed at reducing organizational toxicity. Scientific novelty. The interrelations between organizational toxicity and psychological well-being of employees are studied, potential behavioral patterns of employees when facing with a toxic organizational environment are revealed.

Purpose. Identification of features of marriage and family relations in the Ural single-industry towns for their record in social processes management. Methods. The genetic method of sociological research is applied: the definition of "social genotypes" in the object of research, allowing determining the factors of marriage and family relations development. The comparative analysis of social, economic, administrative, demographic and psychological conditions of marriage and family life is carried out. Data collection was carried out by questionnaire in the cities of Magnitogorsk and Kartaly, Chelyabinsk region. The methods of mathematical statistics were used for the calculations. Technical data processing was performed in Excel. Results. Three types of marriage and family relations in the Ural single-industry towns were studied: 1) marital non-family relations (a couple without children); 2) marital family relations (a couple with children); 3) non-marital family relations (one parent with children). It is revealed that a backbone enterprise and a single-industry town perform a compensatory function for non-marital family respondents: they are more confident that working in the backbone enterprise is prestigious and beneficial to the family and they would like to have their children work at such enterprise. The same category of respondents demonstrates a higher level of patriotism for a single-industry town: for them, their single-industry town is a place where you want to live. For them such a situation more typical than for married non-family and married family. On the contrary, marital family respondents, the majority of whom work at the city-forming enterprise, do not wish their children the same fate; to the least extent, single-city factors are positive for respondents of marital non-family relations. Scientific novelty. Three types of marriage and family relations in the Ural single-industry towns (marital non-family, marital family and non-marital family) are formulated and studied and their single-industry town’s features (factors of the town-forming enterprise, social and labor relations, and professional education) are revealed. It is found that the city-forming enterprise and single-industry town perform a compensatory function of substitution in non-marital family respondents, whose share in modern Russia is increasing.

Purpose. This article is devoted to the study of the concept of socio-political aspects of the Russian youth interaction with other generations in terms of the theory of generations. The purpose of the presented research is to study the specificity of the development of modern youth values, as well as behavioral and motivational features that encourage members of the younger generation to participate in the socio-political processes taking place in the Russian Federation at the present stage. Methods. Elements of system analysis, comparative approach, as well as general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis were used in the work. Results. As a result of the study, the author concluded that the analysis of the issue dealing with the concept of socio-political aspects of the Russian youth interaction with other generations in terms of the theory of generations showed that there was a sufficiently diverse palette of specific features and characteristics inherent in different generations, including the younger generation, which largely explain the trends of behavior and attitudes of young people to the ongoing socio-political processes in the state. The theory of generation in the classical development by American researchers Neil Howe and William Strauss, as well as the interpreted Russian theory of generations can become the main key to understanding the system of values, views, guidelines and priorities of youth as the main driver of the Russian Federation development in the long term. Scientific novelty. The paper considers for the first time the concept of socio-political aspects of the Russian youth interaction with other generations in terms of the theory of generations

The demographic situation has a significant impact on the socio-economic development of the country: the age structure of the population, the duration and quality of life, the processes of natural population movement and migration have a strong impact on the economic situation. In the context of unfavorable demographic forecasts, it becomes especially urgent to focus on the issues of the human resources reproduction incentive, as well as the qualitative aspects of their development that affect the country's human capital. One of the reasons for the decline in the birth rate, highlighted by demographers, are economic uncertainty and social changes taking place in the country. Trying to solve the problem facing the country, the government uses economic tools of demographic policy. In this regard, the issues of determining the necessary volumes of investment in human capital become important. The aim of the study is to develop and implement a methodology for analyzing the tangible costs of parental labor. The methodological basis of the study is the following: the research of the Russian scientists (N. M. Rimashevskaya, N. A. Kontakova, A. Sinitsa, etc.) and the foreign authors (G. Baker, P. Mira, S. Olivetti, etc.) investigating the issues of improving the methods of demographic policy, determining the cost of childcare, etc. Information base of the study includes data from official Russian statistics and budgets of the regions included in the Ural Federal District. To identify the features of the dynamics of the studied indicators, the basic indicators of time series were analyzed. The results of the study are as follows: 1) the key methodological provisions of the study of material costs of parental labor (classification of costs, stages of analysis and features of calculations on each of them) are developed; 2) the dynamics of direct and indirect parental labor in the period from 2011 to 2017 was analyzed; 3) the total cost of parental labor associated with the infant stage of its implementation in the Ural Federal district was calculated. Taking into account the tangible costs associated with the implementation of parental labor, will reveal the real costs of families for the birth, upbringing and socialization of the child, monitor the effectiveness of state measures of demographic policy, timely adjust the measures used and apply new tools aimed at stabilizing the demographic situation in the Russian Federation. Further directions of our research are associated with the assessment of tangible costs of parental labor at each stage of parental labor, as well as the study of the contribution of various subjects of parental labor in the development of the human capital of children.

Work with youth belongs to the powers of local governments and is implemented through municipal projects and municipal programs that are aimed at solving youth problems. However, these problems are typical for different municipalities and are persistent. Therefore, the experience of arranging youth work at the municipal level is a topical issue of research. The purpose of the study is to identify problems in the work with young people in the municipality “city of Ekaterinburg” and develop proposals for their solution. The theoretical basis of the research is the theory of local self-government, theory of work arrangement with young people. The study used the following research methods: analysis of legislative acts and official documentation in the sphere of work with young people, analysis of statistical data, a survey of youth of Ekaterinburg about the level of awareness of activities in the sphere of youth policy (surveyed 400 respondents), expert interviews with the leaders of the Committee on youth policy of Ekaterinburg City Administration. As a result of the study, the content and main directions of work with young people at the municipal level were studied; problems in working with young people in the city of Ekaterinburg were identified; practical recommendations for improving work with young people in Ekaterinburg were developed. Based on the data of the survey of young people and experts, the article concludes about the low level of awareness of young people about the activities implemented in Ekaterinburg. The results of the study and the proposed recommendations can be used in the work of local governments and municipal institutions that arrange work with young people.

Purpose. Identification and evaluation of specific measures of adaptation of foreign students in leading Russian universities, as well as the role of student self-government in the process of adaptation of foreign students. Methods. The study involved a group of methods by which objective results were obtained. The method of the system approach allowed analyzing a number of directions to which universities adhere in the process of adaptation of foreign students to the academic and cultural environment. The method of historical analysis allowed us to consider how the concept development of the soft power phenomenon in foreign and domestic literature took place. The study involved the data obtained by the author in the course of content analysis, which helped to collect the empirical data for this research (analysis of the text array on the official websites of the University; legal framework) Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that in this study, the organizational, functional, event-based direction of adaptation of foreign students in Russian universities are subject to systematic consideration. The authors introduced the results of the research of real applied examples. They allow assessing the effectiveness of three leading universities (Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Kazan Federal University and Far Eastern Federal University) and formulating appropriate recommendations to improve the performance in this area. Results. The analysis of activity on adaptation of foreign students of the considered universities allowed drawing a conclusion that for successful adaptation of foreign students in University the corresponding departments both at the level of administrative and at the level of student's self-government have to be provided. In addition, higher education institutions should provide scientific and methodological support for the adaptation process: the purpose and objectives of the adaptation program, its mission, as well as an action plan with the possibility of receiving feedback from participants.

The development of inclusive education for children with disabilities is one of the priorities for the development of education at all levels. Special attention is paid to the development of inclusive education at the level of general education as providing a foundation for the inclusion of children with disabilities in the system of vocational education and further self-realization in various spheres of life. The success of inclusive education for children with disabilities depends on the quality of management of its implementation and development. Purpose. To identify, reveal the characteristics and analyze management practices in the development of inclusive education of children with disabilities. The research is based on the analysis of normative legal documents, scientific and methodological literature, information posted on the official websites of Federal and regional authorities in the field of education. The analysis of information sources allowed typifying five management practices currently operating in the field of development of inclusive education of children with disabilities. Each management practice is justified, has its advantages and disadvantages, determined by the author based on the analysis of sources and experience of his own professional activity in the field of education. The results of the study can be taken as a basis for the development of inclusive education at the regional or municipal levels. Based on the analysis of management practices, the conclusion is formulated about the need to study the effectiveness of the considered practices for the development of inclusive education of children with disabilities and the replication of the most effective ones into mass practice.

The research, the results of which are presented in this article, is carried out in accordance with the grant of the RFBR under the project "Public reproduction policy of academic personnel”. One of the objectives of the study is the monitoring of legislative acts devoted to the development of science and state support of research conducted by young scientists, with the aim to perform a reflection of the subjects of science and state support of young scientists in legislative texts of modern Russia. Thirty-eight strategic level documents have been issued since 2005, according to the Consultant Plus information system. The analysis included the following documents: Federal concepts, plans, strategies (5 sources); descriptions, recommendations, passports (2 sources); legislative acts of the Ministry of Education and Science (4 sources); resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation (11 sources); Orders Rosstat (3 source); Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation (6 sources); the Federal Laws of the Russian Federation (2 sources); Regional legislative acts of the Sverdlovsk region (5 sources). The study uses the method of content analysis of texts of legislative acts using the technique of semantic analysis and the construction of thematic networks. ATLAS.ti 8 computer programs were used to process the information in this study, which allow to evaluate the frequency and volume of words in the text, and TextAnalyst-2.0, which allows to build thematic semantic networks, assessing the interconnectedness of a particular word with other words of the text. The article presents three important conclusions indicating the problem for the further direction of the study of the development of public policy in relation to the support of young scientists. First, the differences in the interpretation of the concept of “science” in the semantic structures of the texts of various legislative acts of modern Russia are revealed. Secondly, in the texts of the legislative acts at the Federal and regional levels there is almost no mention of the term “young scientist”, which allows to make a conclusion about incomplete conceptualization of this concept and, consequently, a lack of elaboration of strategies, technologies and measures of the state support of young scientists. Thirdly, in the texts of Presidential Decrees and Government Resolutions, the main vector of interpretation of the concept of “science” in the modern Russian authorities is the Declaration of the state order for technological breakthrough and modernization of science in the field of technology, which indicates the lack of attention of the state to the development of the humanities and social sciences.