Vol. 62 No. 1 (2020)

The paper is bearin on revealing and systematization of current ideas about development policy forming both research agenda and the agenda of public authorities and international organizations involved in development. To fulfill this task, quantitative and qualitative analysis of modern English-language scientific and institutional publications on development policy is carried out. The most significant journal articles, monographs and documents of international organizations related to development policy analysis and published in English in 2010-2018 were used as empirical data. The sample includes 68 journal publications (highest citation in the Web of Science), 83 monographs (mixed selection criteria) and 31 official documents of international organizations (UN, OECD and World Bank synthesis documents). The tf-idf method identifies the key concepts that characterize different development policies and the themes that are relevant to them, then grouping them into thematic clusters corresponding to the type of publication and the regularity of joint references. The qualitative analysis of the texts based on the key concepts identified the main models of development policies most frequently considered in the analyzed texts: the development state model, the development assistance model, the neoliberal model, the de-growth model, the circular economy model and the sustainability transition model. Based on the comparative frequency of mentioning various concepts and key characteristics of the most popular models, conclusions were drawn on the structure and dynamics of the agenda of contemporary research and policy analysis documents related to development policy.

The actuality of examined issue is predetermined by necessity of aligning state policy with the actual status of cities as active actors in policy making process on domestic and international level. The main objective of this study is to review contemporary peculiarities of the role of local governments within cities in policy making process in order to underscore the relevance of actual status of citites and its legal framework by political tools. The work relies on the use of teleological analysis (in order to understand the importance of implementing complex of political and legal tools within urban state policy to elaborate mechanism of building due public relations in the state), a comparative method (as part of a comparative study of the legal and actual statuses of cities as actors of domestic and external political relations), and functional analysis (when identifying city competence). The general discourse on the local government in cities allows to determine the need for a combination of political and legal tools in building relations between the state power institutions and local authorities in cities. Due urban politics presums developing the good image of city abroad, based on its identity to gain despite the competition worldwide benefits such as being elected as location of important international event. This paper examines both the inherent contradictions between the legal foundation and domestic and external actorness of cities.

In cities with federal status, powers of local governments differ significantly from those of municipalities in the rest of the country. Taking into account the processes of urbanization, the interest in the development of large cities increases greatly. The article is devoted to the study of the allocation of powers between the levels of government in cities with federal status and the development of recommendations for improving the interaction of regional and local authorities in the field of matters of local significance. The research is aimed at identifying specific problems associated mainly with excessive centralization of government and resources in such cities and searching for directions for evolutionary solutions to these problems. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to analyze the main theoretical insights in the distribution of powers between levels of government and assess their applicability to large cities with a two-level government system, as well as to identify common and special features inherent in the powers of intra-city local government bodies. Based on the analysis, the main problems that have formed in the sphere of distribution and ensuring the implementation of local authorities in cities with federal status are identified, and a scientific and methodological approach is developed to improve the distribution of powers in cities with federal status and develop recommendations for improving the interaction of regional and local authorities in this area. The research is based on a set of theoretical developments, including the institutional approach, the theory of public choice, the theory of agency conflicts, the decentralization theorem and the principle of subsidiarity. General scientific principles of system-structural and structural-functional analysis were applied, comparative and dialectical methods were used to study the features of specific municipalities, in combination they allow us to identify common and special features of the allocation of powers between the regional and local levels of government in cities with federal status. The research has led to the conclusion that today the powers are not always allocated optimally, and it is necessary to increase the level of decentralization of the allocation of powers and resources in Federal cities. The developed proposals will allow making reasonable changes to certain aspects of the distribution of powers in cities with federal status, aimed at improving the efficiency of government, the coherence of interests of various authorities and the population, and therefore the quality of budget services provided to residents.

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the macroeconomic trends of the Russian Federation economy in 2000-2018. The subject of the study is the dynamics of the basic macroeconomic variables, including gross domestic product, fixed capital investment, exports and imports, exchange rate, inflation, and others. The main task is to identify the factors that affect the change of these variables. Its decision will provide recommendations on economic policies that should be adopted to accelerate economic growth and macroeconomic stabilization in general. The methodological basis of the research was an econometric model developed by the authors, as well as tools for macroeconomic analysis, described both in classical works on macroeconomics and in applied works devoted to the analysis of the economy of specific countries. The information base of this study was, first, the statistical databases of the Federal State Statistics Service and the Bank of Russia. Statistical data from the RIM group of the Institute of national economic forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the World Bank were also used. Using these data, based on the author s econometric model, the elasticity of the dependent variables of the models equations was calculated, which made it possible to determine the direct influence of various factors on macroeconomic variables. Second, the model was used to calculate multipliers of exogenous variables, which allowed us to assess the impact of economic policy and foreign economic factors on the main indicators of the Russian economy. The analysis proved that the decline in economic growth was affected by a slowdown in the growth of the labor force, lack of investment, stagnation of aggregate factor productivity, slowing aggregate demand and rising prices for capital goods. The increase in state-controlled prices and tariffs has made a significant contribution to the Russian inflation. The analysis of multipliers showed a strong dependence of the Russian economy on demographic and foreign economic factors, which creates obstacles to its further growth. It is concluded, first, that monetary and fiscal policy must be eased and second, that the only sustainable factor for long-term growth of the Russian economy can be an increase in aggregate factor productivity, which requires a significant increase in investment in technical modernization.

The article presents theoretical approaches to the interpretation of the concept “digital economy” The development of information technologies and their extensive application in all spheres of the national economy indicates scientific interest to this term nowadays. The relevance of the article is determined by the peculiarities of the development of territories in the era of digitalization. The purpose of the research is to provide a systematic analysis of the development of territories in the era of economic digitalization. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve a number of tasks, such as: to consider theoretical and methodological interpretations of the concept of “digitalization” and “digital economy”; to create a set of indicators that affect the economic development of territories; to build a mathematical model with the ability to predict the level of GRP depending on the digitalization factors; to develop private and integral criteria for evaluating the digitalization of socio-economic systems. The scientific novelty of the research goal is the formation of an econometric model, which is characterized by the ability to predict the level of GRP taking into account the factors of the digital environment and a set of criteria a private and integral index of digitalization, which allows determining the rating of socio-economic systems in the spatial aspect. Methodology. The paper uses methods of statistical, system, and comparative analysis. The range of indicators that have a direct impact on the digital economy is justified, with the subsequent selection of key indicators from them. Results. The significance of the study consists in the use and justification of criteria that diagnose the socio-economic development of the subjects of the Central federal district, taking into account the factors of digitalization.

A city is created from the general context of streams of representations and interactions of its inhabitants-users-citizens, who broadcast the experience in a certain space and time. The manifestation of this actual “being in the-world” requires a territorial “assemblage point”. The most common form of anchoring and “body reach” of shared presence and social interaction is the city space, which includes more than 75 % of the worlds population, which we define as citizens. Public space creates the environment for the joint presence of people and objects, the “dynamics of stone and flesh”, static and mobile, representable (architecture, transport, etc.) and unrepresentable (hidden infrastructure network outside the line-of-sight -technical systems, water channels). Analysis of models of urban communities is essential for understanding the mechanisms of their development. Public realm of the city sets a special model of social corporeality by regulating the practices of constructing and using accessible areas of general visibility that mainstream the joint presence of citizens, their interaction as the main users and subjects of social environment transformation. The crises of large megacities, manifested in the processes of alienation of the community from the location, the growth of loneliness and unregulated places of exclusion in the city space force citizens to form new forms of presence in the urban community the practice of remote participation in the project of constructing a cyber-city. Scientific novelty. The article describes a conceptual model of a modern urban community in the context of the growth of new social conflicts in a transforming social reality. On the one hand, this model presents data on urban activism that unites citizens, and, on the other hand, individual strategies of residents “media partisans”, which redefine the territorial community in the landscape of “post public”. Method of research. The article is based on a comprehensive study that includes both general scientific: analytical and predictive methods, as well as a method of cognitive modeling for analyzing the current model of urban community transformation; and empirical methods of combined sociological strategy (mass survey of citizens and rural residents (n = 516); in-depth interviews with representatives of urban communities, N = 10).

The relevance of this research is established by the fact that the development of digital technologies provokes the digital skills development and, as a result, increases the potential for digital development of human capital. In the context of the digital economy development, enterprises are faced with the issue of forming a business strategy aimed at the level of digitalization enhancement and the vector of human capital digital development. The article reveals the problems of enterprises in the organization of business processes. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to develop an institutional model of drivers of digital development of human capital in a strategic perspective, which allows us to consider the process of human capital digital development as the integration of interaction among all the participants: the labor market, industry and the education system. The subject of the research is the analysis of the main trends in the development of the digital economy, which allows us to prioritize the digital development of human capital in a different way. A new category “drivers of human capital digital development” is introduced. The article presents an analysis of digitalization trends in business processes and training and aims to form an understanding of the need in proactive creation of a digital environment caused by deep changes in the economy and society. In the article, the authors analyze global challenges in the paradigm of digitalization of industries and education in the context of rapid development of the digital world. The empirical base is based on materials from leading consulting and IT-companies, global associations, and other active participants in the global educational environment. The presented institutional model of drivers of human capital digital development will transform the approach to strategic management of human capital in the digital economy.

Development of technological entrepreneurship based on the innovation ecosystem is an important aspect of the modern economic development of countries and regions. Policies and measures for the development of innovative ecosystems in the Russian environment have insufficient effectiveness, largely due to the lack of scientific and methodological developments. The management system for the innovation ecosystem development should take into account its internal laws and use modern technologies of strategic management. The authors of the study used the methodology of the balanced scorecard system to elaborate goals and management indicators of the strategy for the innovation ecosystem development. Four future directions for constructing a strategic map for the development of the innovation ecosystem are proposed: “technological entrepreneurship”, “interaction and communication”, “resources”, and “infrastructure”. These directions cover the “hard” and “soft” components of the innovation ecosystem in their relationship. The goals of all the directions through a chain of cause-and-effect relationships are focused on the development of technological entrepreneurship that contributes to regional economic growth. As opposed to the existing approaches, the strategic map of the innovation ecosystem development takes into account the intermediate link between the allocation of resources, the definition of the pool of participants and the emergence of successful technological entrepreneurs. This link is the dynamics of interaction in the innovation ecosystem, the elaboration of social capital, entrepreneurial culture, and practices of co-evolution and collaboration. Based on the strategic map, a system of balanced indicators has been developed for controlling the processes of the innovation ecosystem development. For the purposes of each direction (except for the “technological entrepreneurship”), lagging and leading indicators are defined. The presence of leading indicators allows the management entity to assess not only the level of goals achievement, but also the key success factors for them. Use of a system of balanced indicators to develop a strategy for creating an innovation ecosystem increases the effectiveness of management and implements a systematic approach to technological entrepreneurship.

Significance. Modernization of the national economy and its integration into the world economic system through innovative development requires the effective use of human capital and strengthening of professional and labor socialization of young people. Underestimation of labor education of young people has led to a severe shortage of qualified personnel, especially for the mining industry. In these conditions, the search for an effective model of professional and labor socialization of young people becomes particularly relevant. The purpose of the research is to determine the directions of professional and labor socialization of the individual in the conditions of transformation of the Russian society based on the analysis of existing approaches in scientific knowledge. Research methodology and methods. The methodological basis is system analysis, activity approach, and historical method. Methods of analysis and comparison of existing concepts of socialization are used to identify the evolution and dynamics of the development of principles, to determine the ways and means of professional and labor socialization in society. Coverage of studies. Problems of personality socialization in sociology have been studied since the end of the XIX century. Initially, researchers understood socialization as the process of personal development and formation (F. Giddings, E. Durkheim, G. Tard, G. Simmel, etc.). The development of the theory of socialization is reflected in the research papers of the Russian psychologists and teachers, primarily A. S. Makarenko, V. A. Sukhomlinsky, K. D. Ushinsky, A.V. Mudrik, I. S. Kon, S. T. Shatsky, L. S. Vygotsky, S. L. Rubinstein, G. M. Andreeva, Yu. M. Zabrodina, and others. The study revealed the contradictory economic and socio-cultural factors of professional labor socialization of young people, problems of choice of profession and professional self-determination of youth. Contradictions of socialization in connection and unity with professional self-determination of the individual, stages and ways of professional and labor socialization of the individual in the modern reformed Russian society are considered. The scientific novelty of the article consists, first, in the fact that professional and labor socialization of young people is considered taking into account the needs of the labor market, as well as specificities of individuals: the problem is to determine the balance of market needs and personal preferences. Secondly, the author reveals the features and ways of professional and labor socialization of young people focused on mining professions, where these problems are particularly acute due to the shortage of labor resources. The main conclusion is that we need a balanced and harmonious combination of specific abilities and social needs in career guidance of young people, taking into account the dynamics of the technological revolution and peculiarities of the Russian society being transformed.

Now the authorities pay the main attention to the development of a regulatory framework for project management, the construction of a management system. The authors of this article focus on the need to transform the corporate culture of municipalities in connection with the implementation of the project approach in municipal authorities. Purpose and subject. The subject of the research is the transformation of the management system in government bodies in the Russian Federation and the impact of the new system on the corporate culture of municipal employees. The purpose of the study is to identify the main changes in the implementation of the project-oriented system in the activities of municipalities, and to formulate related changes in the corporate culture of municipal employees. The results presented in the article are based on the following scientific methods: analysis, description, observation, modeling, ascent from the abstract to the concrete aspects. Results. In the course of the analysis, legal acts on the implementation of project management in the activities of the Russian Federation and the Sverdlovsk region authorities are considered. The methods of implementing a project-oriented system in the activities of government bodies are considered. The necessity of introducing the project management culture into the corporate culture of the municipality was noted. The concepts of corporate and organizational culture are revealed, one of the corporate cultures typologies is considered, and the characteristic features of the corporate culture of the municipality are formulated. Scientific novelty. In the course of the study, a model of the municipal employees’ culture was formed and the main issues for the corporate culture of project management development were formulated. The main stages of the process of transforming the corporate culture of a municipality when implementing a project approach are proposed.

Purpose. To study social changes in the structure of human capital of Russian elderly citizens who continue working. Methods. The research methodology used by the authors of the article is based on the theory of social changes, the theoretical idea of the authors of the article about the human capital of older Russian citizens who continue working, the potential as an opportunity and readiness for change. We also used such a method as the analysis of laws and regulations of the labor activity of Russian senior citizens. To test the theoretical hypothesis, an empirical study was conducted using a survey (based on an opinion poll). 418 people aged 50 to 72 years living in the cities of the Sverdlovsk region were polled. Results. It is found out that the human capital of senior citizens is a system of components with specific characteristics that change and create conditions for the development of a new idea of retirement age, associated with a positive assessment of professional potential, readiness to continue working and learning new competencies. The positive assessment of professional potential is influenced by such factors as increasing the level of education of many senior citizens, increasing the number of representatives of such professional statuses as “individual entrepreneur” and “working pensioner”. The new concept of retirement age is also influenced by job status and skill level. Managers, experts and the semi-skilled, and craftsmen give a higher professional self-esteem than representatives of other official statuses. Changing perceptions of retirement age is influenced not only by material motives, but also by social ones: the need and importance in the family and work team, professional communication, and the ability to share own experience with employees of other age groups. Social changes include the development of a behavioral strategy for some older citizens as a set of conscious actions and subsequent changes based on professional mobility. Participants in changes in the components of human capital are not only senior citizens, but also government agencies, employers, and educational organizations. Scientific novelty. The components of the human capital of senior citizens are disclosed. It is proved that social changes include the development of a new concept of retirement age by Russian senior citizens, as a result of changes in the characteristics of human capital components.

The article highlights one of the most significant and ambiguous problems of modern higher school management the development of a participation culture of the lecturers’ social community in the administration of the University. Its purpose is to characterize the different aspects of participation in the context of the existing culture of credibility in higher education. In the course of consideration of the problem, emphasis is placed on gender characteristics and practices of lecturers’ participation in administration. Methodologically, the article is based on the concepts of institutional credibility, public participation and gender asymmetry. Its empirical basis is the data of the regional sociological research of lecturers of the Ural Federal district (polling method, quota sample, sample size-810 people; expert survey of representatives of educational management-30 people). The readiness of lecturers to participate in University administration was considered in three aspects: 1) in the system of educational values that underlie the need for participation in administration; 2) inclusion in networks of formal and informal communications (interpersonal, intra and inter-group), in which lecturers participate; 3) self-assessments of readiness to join formal administration structures for the implementation of common goals. Conclusions are drawn about the contradictions between a sufficiently high level of readiness of lecturers to participate in administration and a low level of institutional credibility in higher education, and lack of confidence in the possibility of implementing democratic values that are important to them in the current administration system. In the course of consideration of the problem, emphasis is placed on gender characteristics and practices of lecturers’ participation in administration. It shows the presence of gender disparities in the culture of credibility in higher education.

The introduction of applied psychology into a broad industrial and social practice is reasonably required, since any effective work with people, especially management, is impossible independently of certain psychological facts, patterns and mechanisms. Homo ergaster is not just a participant, but also a crucial component of any production process. The modern management doctrine of “human relations” assumes, in particular, a systematic study and consideration of the subjective attitude of a person to the work, which is one of the most important components of the entire mental image of the employee. This experienced, meaningful attitude is formed under the influence of an integral system of factors (objective and subjective, social and technological) and largely determines the success and reliability of the employee, the viability and stability of any organization or enterprise as a whole. Because of an empirical psychological study of a group of mid-level executives (350 people), reliable links were established between a persons subjective attitude to work and their leading sociogenic needs: achievement, cognition, dominance, and affiliation. The higher and more diverse the individual’s need potential, the more positive his attitude to work is. Significant correlations of the attitude to work with the subjective assessment of its organization, with the possibility of promotion, and with overall life satisfaction were identified. Qualitative differences of subjective meanings of attitude to work, dominance and other psychological parameters in the minds of respondents -executives: men and women are indicated. “Female” psychology seems more plastic and protected. The special, socially aggravated significance of morals as professionally necessary psychological features of the executive of any level is emphasized.

The problem of the article is established by the lack of scientific research on the role and significance of representative offices of the Russian Federation in the system of state representative structures. The article focuses on the institutions of Federal and regional representation. The purpose of the article is to determine the role and significance of representative offices of the Russian Federation in the system of state representative structures, to study the main types of representative offices of the Russian Federation in the system of public administration, to identify the main functions of representative offices, to determine the subjects and institutions of representative offices, as well as the features of their “belonging” to government institutions and certain territories.As part of the study of types of representative offices, the article analyzes the subsystems of the system of representative offices of the Russian Federation: “region-municipal entity”, “region-legislative power”; “region-region” “region-Federal center”, “region-Federal districts”, “region-foreign state” and the role of representative offices of the Russian Federation in Moscow. It is noted that representative offices of the Russian Federation subjects in Moscow often perform organizational and technical functions instead of representative ones. Scientific novelty: the system of state representative structures is studied, the subjects representing the institutions missions are determined, principal offices of constituent entities of the Russian Federation in Moscow and their political and territorial jurisdictions are identified, the weak role of the representative offices of constituent entities of the Russian Federation as a full-fledged representative structures in the processes of state interaction is revealed and the need for status and functional upgrading of representative offices of constituent entities in the Russian Federation are also noted.

The research urgency is caused by necessity of evaluating public opinion of public executives, assessment by the society for the selection of priority areas of strategic socio-economic development. The article analyzes public assessments of the country’s strategic development, trust in the chosen direction, and subjectivity of achievements by the government machinery and the government in the chosen directions. The conclusion is made about unsatisfactory pace of implementation of the tasks set, non-fulfillment of the President’s instructions. The analysis shows disappointing results of the failure of a number of provisions of the strategic plan for the development of the country’s economy “Strategy 2020”, layering of new strategic initiatives without a proper program, planned development of strategic directions. The aim of the study is the analysis and evaluation of simulating the execution of strategic plans and projects for socio-economic development of the country, demonstration of the positions of the Institute of public opinion against the government machinery and the practice of strategic management decisions. The research methods are structural and functional analysis, content analysis, and secondary analysis of sociological data. The scientific novelty consists in revealing the results of reforming the government machinery, vertical adjustment of the principles of execution of management decisions, negative assessment of efforts to implement strategic priorities as a basis for subsequent strategic socio-economic planning and design. Analysis and evaluation of non-implementation of the “Strategy-2020” should include practically not completed activities of the section “New model of economic growth”, which contained the principal provisions for the implementation of institutional measures of strategic planning, without which it is impossible to achieve the indicators of other sections of the strategy. Institutionally, “Strategy 2020” was the most detailed document that revealed a set of interrelated priorities, goals, tasks, projects and processes for implementing national socio-economic policy reforms, containing elements of road maps, alternatives, and scenarios for implementing measures. The strategy itself was not officially adopted; it was an element of a new economic ideology, a change in the format of organizing the work of the government machinery.

The article examines the factors that have a significant impact on the energy security of Russia, examines the current state of the fuel and energy complex (FEC), highlights its main problems, examines the role and place of the Russian fuel and energy complex in the global energy balance, analyzes external and internal threats and methods of state management to ensure energy security in the economic crisis. The article emphasizes that ’energy security” becomes a socio-ideological, political and economic dimension that has a dominant influence on the development of production, social and economic processes. In this context, world energy security is considered as the protection of the economy of countries and regions of the world from threats of energy scarcity. Factors that have a significant impact on the competitiveness of the state’s economy are not only the scale of energy consumption, but also the current state of technology and scientific achievements in this area. The article emphasizes that an important step in strengthening Russia’s energy security was the adoption of the strategy for the development of the petrochemical industry of the Russian Federation until 2025, as well as the adoption by the Board of Directors of GPN on November 23, 2018 of the company’s development strategy until 2030. As part of the implementation of the first Strategy, it is planned to actively invest, expand infrastructure, and ease tax and customs policies for 15 years for organizations implementing major projects in the industry. These measures will make it possible to introduce ’’clear rules of the game” in the industry and will allow you to get a positive effect for the entire national economy of the country in the future. Purpose. The study of the dynamics of the fuel and energy complex (FEC), the role and place of the Russian fuel and energy complex in the global energy balance, the analysis of external and internal threats and methods of public administration of energy security in the economic crisis. Methods. The article considers and analyzes the dynamics and prospects for the development of the Russian fuel and energy sector in the period from 2000 to 2030. The role of public administration in this period is evaluated. The situation of the industry during the financial and economic crisis and methods of public administration in this period are studied in detail. Results. Based on the research, the author concludes that there is a need for a systematic national approach to the development of the fuel and energy sector adopting long-term strategic programs for the development of the industry. Scientific novelty. This article provided the first generalized political and technological analysis and evaluation of problems, the steps and prospects of development of energy in Russia’s recent history and instruments of its regulation by public authorities.

The purpose of this study is to analyze potential problems of service career for public and municipal executives late in life to justify the need to create specific environment for service, taking into account individual characteristics of performance, as well as to propose a set of measures aimed at improving the efficiency of their work. Methods. The research is based on a set of general scientific methods, such as system analysis, generalization and systematization of theoretical and practical data contained in the research papers of various authors, as well as comparison, system-functional and complex approaches. The analysis of official statistics and laws and regulations of the Russian Federation was used. Results. The theoretical and practical significance of the research is that it provides a research assessment of the problems of service career for public and municipal executives late in life. The study shows a general pattern of decline in the performance of elderly officials with individual characteristics of the dynamics of this process, which requires additional public regulation of service in this category. A set of measures aimed at improving the efficiency of elderly officials is proposed. Scientific novelty. Based on the author s analysis of the identified problems of service by elderly officials, the author substantiates the need to create a special environment for public and municipal service, apply an individual approach to representatives of this category, and also suggests a set of measures aimed at improving the efficiency of the use of labor resources of elderly officials, including: legal regulation of the status of elderly employees; application of “resource-saving” employment technologies related to reducing the intensity of work based on individual characteristics; continuous professional training and others.