Feldman Mikhail A.

The article, based on the analysis of federal and regional plans of support measures during the pandemic for citizens with incomes below the poverty level, documents of the current archive of the Ministry of Social Policy of the Sverdlovsk Region, examines the results of the implementation of the system of social contracts as one of the promising tools to combat poverty.

Methods of comparative analysis, generalizations, classification were used in the research process. The issues of overcoming such negative consequences as insufficient financing of the system of social contracts; dependent moods of some citizens who are accustomed to receiving social benefits; lack of mechanisms for further self-development of citizens who have concluded social contracts are considered.

Conclusions are drawn about the degree of attractiveness of the system of social contracts for low-in- come citizens; about the low proportion of coverage of the system of social contracts of citizens with in- comes below the poverty level.

A special place is given to the work of the operational meeting of the Government of the Sverdlovsk Re- gion on April 21, 2022 on the issue "On assessing the efficiency of the provision of state social assistance on the basis of a social contract in 2021", where the results of the provision of state social assistance on the basis of a social contract in the Sverdlovsk region for 2021 were discussed.

Scientific novelty: for the first time, generalizing statistics of the implementation of the system of social contracts in the Middle Urals during the pandemic are presented; the degree of effectiveness and efficiency of measures to support the system of social contracts is revealed. A number of measures have been proposed to improve support measures during the pandemic for citizens with incomes below the poverty level.

The article analyzes archives and published materials and makes conclusions about the results of the creation of the Ural region during the reform of administrative-territorial division in the USSR in 1923–1930.

Ten years of the existence of the Ural Region (December 1923–January 1934) were the time of an experiment to modernize the economy in the format of a planned spatial distribution of industry. The article discusses the role and significance of the first in the USSR ”Master Plan of the Ural economy for the period of 1927–1941” aimed at the comprehensive development of the region and the construction of factories on the basis of the rational use of raw materials and semi-finished products in all major sectors of the Ural economy, though ferrous metallurgy remained the dominant project. The methods of comparative analysis, generalization and classification were used in the research process.

The issues of the development of the Ural region during the First Five-year Plan are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the implementation of not only intraregional but also interregional cooperation (accelerated construction of enterprises that were part of the Ural-Kuzbass Combine).

The Nep period was the time when the First Five-Year Plan options were developed and implemented, allowing to solve many problems of early industrial modernization on the basis of maintaining a multi- layered economy; interaction of the plan and the market. In the regional aspect, these plans were most fully developed in the Ural region. To what extent were these plans implemented during the First Five-year Plan? The answer to this question forms the basis of the scientific problem.

Scientific novelty. This research makes a conclusion about the degree of implementation of the modernization plan of the Ural region in the First Five-year plan; it outlines a set of reasons that led to the liquidation of the Ural region, and describes the consequences of such a decision.

The dramatic events of 1928-1929 - a memorable milestone in the history of Russia. The ’’Stalinist revolution”, which gave way to totalitarianism in all areas of the life of the Soviet state. The impulse of these events, the generator of changes, was the clash of ideas and methods of public administration at the five Plenums of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) in April 1928-November 1929. The Plenum of the Central Committee - ’’Quasiparlament” of those years - considered the most important socio-economic and socio-political issues of the USSR; transformed the foundations of relations between the authorities and society, the leadership of the CPSU (b) and the party of the masses. However, the Central Committee apparatus controlled by Stalin conducted a purposeful campaign to process the heads of Republican and regional party organizations in the right direction. Representatives of the Ural Regional Party Committee still had the opportunity to tell the truth about the problems of the economy and the situation of workers. But the analysis of the causes that gave rise to the crisis was already beyond the bounds of possibility: it objectively turned into a criticism of the ’’general course”, qualified as ’’opportunism”, incompatible with participation in the party ranks. At the same time, the content of speeches at the Plenums and the reporting conference of the Uralobkom of the CPSU (b) spoke more about the reluctance of regional functionaries to participate in inciting internal party discussion. As a result of the internal party struggle, the topic of the first Five-Year-plan - the main subject of the discussion in the ruling party - was practically not touched upon at the Plenums and conferences of the Uralobkom in the ’’capital” of the industrial region. The province had only to prepare for the implementation of the general tasks accepted in the center.

Based on the documents of the current archive of the Regional Union of small and medium-sized businesses, the article draws conclusions on the main directions and tools for regulating the activities of the Union of small and medium-sized businesses of the Sverdlovsk region in the period 2016-2019. The issues of overcoming such negative consequences as a sharp reduction of SME financing, manifestations of corruption, imperfection of control and supervisory activities, and the quality of management activities of authorities that provided support to small and medium-sized businesses in the Sverdlovsk region are considered. There are both obvious and hidden barriers to the development of small and medium-sized businesses. The article describes the main activities carried out by the Union in recent years. Special attention is paid to the work of the Coordinating Council of non-profit organizations engaged in anti-corruption activities. The role of the Union in the preparation and development of the Anti-corruption social contract of business in the Sverdlovsk region is indicated. One of the most important events was the annual Tax forums (with the participation of up to 200 representatives of small and medium-sized businesses). The leaders of the Union prepared and presented to the participants of Tax forums a number of proposals for improving legislation, both at the regional and Federal levels. Scientific novelty: for the first time, a summary of statistics on the development of small and mediumsized businesses in the Middle Urals for 2016-2019 is presented and conclusions are drawn about the stagnation of this dynamics. A number of measures to improve the activities of the Union of small and medium-sized businesses of the Sverdlovsk region in the form of recommendations to the Governor of the Sverdlovsk region and relevant Ministries are proposed.

Purpose. Study of indicators dynamics of dental institutions network in Sverdlovsk region in 2014-2017; availability and quality of dental services; results of the dentistry regulation. Methods. On the basis of comparative and systematic approaches, a specific picture of the availability and quality of dental services in Sverdlovsk region is analyzed. Data base of the study includes data from the annual reports of the Ministry of Health of the region that characterize the dynamics of the work of dental institutions in Sverdlovsk region in 2014-2017. Results. The results revealed the development of a network of stomatology institutions in Sverdlovsk region in 2014-2017; reveals the reasons for the decline in availability of dental services in the region; shortcomings in the functioning of governance structures. Analysis of statistics on visits by patients to dentists in Sverdlovsk region in the period 2014-2017 allowed to draw a conclusion about a sharp reduction in the number of visits: from 2.386 million people a year to 1.008 million by about 2.4 times; including children under 14 years old from 989 thousand to 527 thousand or 1.9 times. This phenomenon clearly shows that reducing social spending encourages the poor to pay less attention to their health. It is pointed out that in order to improve the management and regulation of the dental care quality, a systematic approach and a long-term comprehensive purposeful work on the organization of mandatory and voluntary insurance in the field of dentistry is necessary. Scientific novelty. In the article the authors provided the first comprehensive assessment of the status of the dental clinics network of Sverdlovsk region in 2014-2017, identified the main problems of development and regulation of the dental care system in Sverdlovsk region. The ways of improving the provision of medical dental care are suggested.

Purpose. Analysis of the public authorities’ results of the Russian Federation and Sverdlovsk region in the field of environmental protection in the year of ecology. The study notes that environmental risks of the new technological order have increased many times, and pollution of water bodies and air, depletion of natural resources and waste growth have become global problems. Environmental protection is one of the policy priorities of any modern state. Methods. The official reports on the state and protection of the environment, the views of the authorities and experts using a systematic approach are analyzed. Results. It was revealed that the dynamics of reducing water pollution is stable; there is no positive dynamics in the treatment of waste and emissions into the air. At the same time, due to insufficient costs and inadequate use of tools, the level of environmental tension remains high. The year of ecology has not achieved the expected results. However, for the long run, in the year of the environment the programs and projects, which in a few years may be the growth points of environmental policy, can be instigated. They are the law on ecological gathering, the ONF project “Interactive map of landfills”, implementation of the priorities of separate waste collection and inclusion of the indicator on BAT implementation in the national project “Ecology”. Scientific novelty. The assessment of various directions of environmental policy is given: the degree of efficiency of existing tools is defined; recommendations on their improvement are developed.

The strengthening of critical approaches in contemporary historical Litera-round to the development of capitalist relations in modern Russia, said elk and on the evolution of the esti-mates of NEP, manifesting itself in the growing pessimistic-ing conclusions about the impossi-bility of alternatives to the Stalinist variant of socio-economic development of the USSR. The article defends a different view, arguing that in the works of economists and employees of the state planning Commission 1927-1928. contained a reasonable modernization of the country based on mixed economy. The July (1928) Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) demonstrated a real alternative to the "leftist course" a variant of the industrialization of the country and the transformation of the peasant economy on the principles of the new economic policy.

In the article an attempt is made to consider the discussion at the April (1928) Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) as a private moment of collision the two major components of the vectors of the Soviet history: the implementation of modernization of industrial project and utopian the way of forced "socialist construction". An open presentation of his views of supporters and opponents of the NEP (even if it's an internal censorship and patron-client relationships) have demonstrated that the part of the Bolshevik elites were able to evolve their views, the perception of the elements of a scientific vision of economic and social development without priority of violence. The discussions at the April Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) reflected two rather contradictory approaches to the implementation of the "Soviet project", but, despite all the efforts of Stalin and his supporters, the resolutions of the plenary focused on the continuation of the NEP as a way of the least conflict and the most effective way of modernization of the country; policies aimed at the fastest possible development of different forms of cooperation; mutual actions of different sectors of the mixed economy

The article attempts to reconstruct socio-cultural characteristics and the line of political behavior of representatives of the party-Soviet elite in the years of NEP on the basis of the analysis of modern literature and statistical data. Illustrates the heterogeneity of the Bolshevik elite in 1922 -1928, respectively; traced the emergence of two major factions within the members of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b). The formation in the ruling elite (including the Politburo) of a group of convinced supporters of the NEP, who managed to maintain the course of the new economic policy until November (1928), testifies to the potential of an alternative version of the country's modernization on the pathways of a multicultural economy

The article is devoted to the analysis of the implementation by Federal Law № 256-FL of 29 December 2006 “On additional measures of state support for families with children”. The main points of view that exist in the scientific literature on this issue are considered. Analysis of statistical data shows that the total number of newborns in the region for the period 2007–2018. increased. At the same time, the number of second children increased, while the number of the first children was lower: in 2007, 12 331 children were born less than the first children (almost twice), and in 2017 they gave birth to a second child for 1,919 children more than the first. At the same time, the limited potential of mother capital as an instrument for regulating demographic policy is also evident. To consolidate the positive trend, the article proposes a number of concrete measures and proposals.

Purpose. Studying the results of the first stage of the program implementation. The Ural Engineering School. Methods. Based on the comparative and systemic approaches, the course of creating a new form of training of workers and engineering personnel the «Comprehensive program of the Sverdlovsk region" Ural Engineering School for 2016-2020». Results. Successes have been revealed in the organization of a set of measures to increase the motivation of students; development of state educational standards; creation of joint centers for professional training. The lack of data on the effectiveness of the program is highlighted as a key problem. Scientific novelty. In the article offered to the reader, for the first time a comprehensive assessment of the results of the first stage of the implementation of the Ural Engineering School program is given. Conclusions are drawn about ways of further improving the creation of a new form of training of workers and engineers; harmonization of interests of government bodies, business entities and intersectoral training centers.

Purpose. The study of the implementation of the project of the SEZ "Titanium valley" cluster, they gained on the role of the locomotive of the economic potential of the region. Methods. On the basis of a comparative and systematic approaches to analyze the real financing facilities of the SEZ; the role and interaction of subjects of regulation of the project of the SEZ "Titanium valley; the end of construction. Results. Identified the stages of implementation of the project of the SEZ "Titanium valley"; the conclusion is made about the characteristic defects at all stages of creation of SEZ "Titanium to a-Lina"; marked the real picture of the status of the construction of the cluster objects, the ways of optimization progress. Scientific novelty. In proposed to the reader article provided the first comprehensive assessment of financing and results of the project of the SEZ "Titanium valley for 2010-2016 conclusions on ways of further improvement of coordination of interests of authorities and business entities.

Purpose. Study of the factors, trends and regulatory instruments influencing the service state with the system of executive power bodies, capable of rapid response to changes in the world; effective interaction with civil society institutes. Methods. Based on quantitative and systematic approaches the author analyzed a specific picture of the realization of tasks of the Administrative reform in Russia (2003 2013). Results. The author identified successful results in implementation of the Administrative reform, first and foremost, a qualitative leap in the awareness of citizens about the work of the authorities; as well as a major shift in the accessibility of public and municipal services; identified major deficiencies in the course of transformation. As a key problem in the framework of the Administrative reform, the author highlighted a lack of effective mechanisms for monitoring the achievement of the expected results and the adjustment of the scheduled plans. Scientific novelty. In the scientific literature of the recent years, scientists and experts repeatedly addressed to this subject. In the proposed article, the author introduces a comprehensive assessment of the results of all major parts of the reform in the Russian Federation and in Sverdlovsk oblast for the first time; conclusions on actual trends and development prospects of the Administrative reform at the national and regional levels are made.

The aim of this paper is to analyze various aspects of Stalinism practices in the Soviet period. Methods. The author notes the profound divergence of historians’ estimates of the events of 1930-ies. The issue of survivability of Stalinism’s ideas is considered to be based on gnosseological and management point of view. Results. Specific examples of unscientific character of Stalinism’s resuscitation attempts are revealed. The flaw of Stalin's management principles has been identified.

Purpose. To summarize the experience of interaction of local authorities with the population in the field of handling citizens’ appeals. Methods. The analysis of the annual reports of the Yekaterinburg city Duma on the work with citizens. Results and scientific novelty. As a result of the conducted research the author concluded about the main types of citizens, quantitative trends, quality control applications. The author proposed recommendations for improving the interaction of local authorities with the population in the field of handling citizens’ appeals.

Purpose. To analyze the effectiveness of controlling activity of regional and municipal power bodies of the system of social partnership in the enterprises of Sverdlovsk region. Methods. Based on the institutional approach the author analyzed annual reports of the Department of Labor and Employment of Sverdlovsk region for 2012-2014. Results. The author revealed that possibilities of such a phenomenon as social partnership at the enterprises of Sverdlovsk region are used to a small extent, and regulation by the Department of Labor and Employment of Sverdlovsk region for 2012-2014 is largely a formality. Scientific novelty. For the first time the author assessed the actual state of social partnership at the enterprises of Sverdlovsk region.

Purpose. The article deals with the problem of formation of the Russian insurance health-care model. The author identified the main obstacles on the way of interaction between social protection and social insurance medicine. Methods. Among the general scientific methods, the main ones are deductive and inductive method, logical method, analysis and synthesis, comparative, cross-national analysis was used too. Results. The author reveals the main directions of reforming the health system: refining the state guarantees for free medical care; standardization of medical care; innovative health promotion; modernization of the system of the financial providing of medical assistance; computerization of healthcare.

Purpose. Analysis of the effectiveness of management bodies regional power system of supplementary education for children and adolescents in Sverdlovsk region. Methods. On the basis of annual reports the authors analyzed annual reports of the Ministry of General and vocational education for 2012-2014. Results. The authors found out lack of modern criteria of social, economic and organizational effectiveness and instruments for regulation of development management instruments of general educational establishments providing supplementary education; results-based management system, including the motivation of managers responsible for this growth. Scientific novelty. For the first time the authors assessed the actual state of supplementary secondary education in the region.

Urpose. To study factors, directions and tools of regulation influencing the development of the modern labor market in the Russian federation and Sverdlovsk region. Methods. Based on quantitative and systematic approaches the analyzed the dynamics of indices of labor market situation and its structural elements. The author identified the efficiency degree of regulating tools of the modern labor market in the Russian federation and Sverdlovsk region. Results. In the conditions of strengthening the influence of globalization in 2009 2013; aggravation of competition on the world market there is an expansion of part-time employment practice (in similar conditions every fifth employee works in EC and every fourth employee works in the Eastern Europe countries); experts expect further reduction of a share of secured employees from 75-80% up to 50%, and also periods of full-time employment which will lead to reduction of deduction means for social security. Contrary to the existing in the scientific literature point of view, labor market of Russia is not an exception. In 2013 a step backward was evident as tool for labor market regulation. Federal budget ceased its funding of regional programs of employment support, shifting responsibility and expenses to regional budgets. There is some logic in it: general inefficiency of economic policy in the country could not but leading to reduction of social expenses in all directions. Economic stagnation strengthened negative phenomena and characteristics of the Russian labor market: non-transparency; a large-scale shadow sector; poor social guarantees; low level of controlling mechanisms and tools of regulation. In our opinion, the result is in fullest use of abilities of public-private partnership on labor market; in coordination of business, trade unions and power bodies efforts in modernization of labor market institutes, labor; joint (within the framework of social partnership) search of reserves for improvement of business competitiveness. Scientific novelty: In scientific literature of most recent years, many scientists and experts dealt with that issue. In the given article for the first time ever the author introduces a critical analysis of the situation with scientific views on the modern labor market in the RF; makes conclusions on real trends of labor market development on a national and regional levels.

Purpose. Research of factors, directions and tools of regulation affecting the formation of the modern remuneration system in the industry of Sverdlovsk region. Methods. Based on quantitative and systematic approaches the authors analyzed dynamics of indices of nominal and actual salary in industry of Sverdlovsk region in 2000-2013. The authors also identified regulating tools of the modern remuneration system and their efficiency degree. Results. Noting success in debt reduction of salaries, the authors point out poor success in salary growth. According to the results for 2013, monthly payment in industry was 30055 rubles (107,2 % compared to 2012); in mining and smelting complex it grew and was 28946 rubles (106, 5 % compared to 2012). Including ferrous metallurgy 28347 rubles (106, 8 %); in non-ferrous metallurgy 29 545 rubles (106,1 %); on mining enterprises 33330 rubles (109, 2%). However, according to the territorial body of the Federal service of state statistics in the region, inflation was 7% in Sverdlovsk region in 2013. It means that the indexing level of prices depreciates growth of average salary. In 2008 on the territory of Sverdlovsk region people could buy goods and services for PM of able people, in 2013 3,33 PM. As we can see, with salary growth in the region by 61,6% for 2013 to the level of 2008 its buying ability stays on the level of 2008. It proves unsatisfactory and formal activity of power bodies and trade unions on the regional labor market. It is necessary to agree that the existing remuneration system on a majority of enterprises does not allow providing a proper level of personnel motivation that brings to low productivity. Scientific novelty. In scientific literature during recent years, many scientists and professionals addressed that issue. In the given article, the authors introduce an analysis of the salary state in the industry of Sverdlovsk region and tools for its regulation on part of executive power bodies and the Federation trade unions.

Purpose. Study of factors, directions and toold of regulation influencing the development of modern conditions in the sphere of labor safety. Methods. On the basis of a systematic approach the author analyzed dynamics of indices of industrial accidents in the RF in comparison with similar indices in RKS; identified possibilities and risks of realization in connection with the adoption of the Federal law of the RF № 426-FZ “On special assessment of industrial conditions”, December 28, 2013. Results. The article points out that though for 2005 - 2012 the number of employees who died in the Russian economy decreased from 3200 up to 2890, in the construction sphere accordingly - from 754 up to 699 people. Nevertheless, the degree of certainty of the Russian statistics in the sphere of labor safety, according to the expert evaluation, is rather high. Therefore compatibility (exact) of death cases in the RF and the USA and also less-than-lethal cases shows that the number of industrial accidents in the RF must be mot 70-80 thousand (Official data), but from 1,2 up to 3 mln. of people. The presented data show that the sphere of the Russian official statistics encompasses only not more than 2-5% of accidents. Mainly it happens because that in Russia there is no official statistics of professional accidents as they have it in EC countries and the USA. The information published by the RF Ministry of Labor is not informative as data about types and causes of injuries are not interesting for research of risks connected with professions of the injured. Scientific novelty. The article analyses not only the existing situation in the sphere of labor safety in the Russian economy, but possible consequences and risks connected with December 28, 2013 of the Federal law of the Russian Federation № 426-FZ “On special assessment of labor conditions”.

Purpose. Article is devoted to the characteristics of modern industrial workers associated with the level of education, social well-being, assessment of the level of income and other aspects. Methods. Sociological data nationwide and regional scale are compared with the results of one of the largest ENTERPRISE Urals Uralelectromed (UMMC ). Results and practical significance. Suggested ways to improve the skills of workers that meet the requirements of the labor market. Scientific novelty. The basic directions of development of personnel potential of modern industrial workers, marked problems and solutions level of education and professional qualifications.