Vol. 65 No. 4 (2020)

Problem definition. The growth of competition in the global world makes it necessary to ensure the sustainable development of Russia. The corresponding national idea is a system-forming element of the official ideology of Russia. The current official ideology does not meet the requirements of sustainable development and corresponds to the civilizational culture of the Russian people, which updates the need to develop a new official ideology of the country.Purpose: to substantiate the methodology for the structural responsibility development of the official ideology model in Russia.Methodological base. The paper substantiates the methodology for the structural responsibility development of the official ideology model in Russia, which includes arguments for the advisability of synergy of its main elements: the idea of sustainable development of the country, relevant goals, universal ideals, standards and changing values, public consciousness and beliefs.Method of research. To substantiate the structural responsibility of the model of the official ideology of Russia, methods of analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, and the method of system identification of the studied objects were used.Results. A model of the official ideology of Russia is formed. It is based on the interaction of ideals, standards and changing values. The analysis of the existing types of ideologies is carried out, as a result of which the conclusion is made about the expediency of choosing the ideology of social determinism as the ideological and content basis of the official ideology of Russia. The structural responsibility is substantiated and the model of the official ideology of Russia is formed. It includes a strategic element - the idea of sustainability, a driving force - objectives, basic principles - ideals, a functional center - standards, a methodical basis - changing values, a regulator - the public consciousness and adjustable parameters - the persuasion, the synergy of which contributes to the development of an adequate social philosophy and mentality.Practical significance. The proposed model of the official ideology of the country can be used in the theory and practice of managing the development of Russia, as well as in the legislative process.Scientific novelty: it consists in substantiating a theoretical and methodological approach to the formation of a model of the official ideology of Russia in modern conditions of global instability.Conclusions. The use of official ideology in the proposed form contributes to the development of an adequate public outlook and mentality, supports the motivation of public sentiment towards the successful implementation of the sustainable development goals, and the state becomes an effective leader and initiator of social transformations in the country.

Purpose. To study the key problems of political, legal and personnel mechanisms for ensuring the national security in modern Russia, and draft proposals for their improvement.Methods. To achieve goals and objectives of the research, an interdisciplinary approach was used, and a complex of classical and postclassical methods was applied. The research uses such methods as dialectical, historical materialism, system related, formal legal, statistical, sociological, political and economic.Results. It is concluded that the number one step towards strengthening the national security is the creation of a right-wing political mechanism for positive and truncation selection of senior government officials. The truncation selection of the highest state bureaucracy will increase the number of people in the highest echelon of state power who have useful qualities that can strengthen the national security of the Russian Federation. The truncation selection will reject a vast majority of persons with negative qualities that sharply reduce the national security of the state under the given conditions of its development from the highest echelon of state power .Scientific novelty. The tools of positive and truncation selection of the senior public state red tape are proposed: 1) scientifically based and legally established criteria for evaluating the qualities of candidates for senior public positions and the results of their activities in the field of public administration; 2) annual reports of representatives of the senior public red tape on the results of their activities; 3) limitation of two terms of tenure in senior public positions; 4) establishing measures of legal responsibility of representatives of the senior public red tape for failure to achieve national goals or established standards of conduct.

In the context of the development of the digital economy and the beginning of the fourth industrial revolution, there was an interest in the concept of “smart enterprise”, which explains the relevance of the scientific problem - clarifying the content of this concept and highlighting the criteria for classifying enterprises as digital.In the article, the authors aim to identify criteria for classifying organizations as “smart” enterprises at the current stage of development of the digitalization process. To achieve this goal, the types of smart enterprises in Industry 4.0 that exist in foreign and domestic scientific literature are analyzed; their characteristic features and differences are determined; the content of the concept of “smart enterprise” in industry is clarified. The problems and prospects of development of digital industrial enterprises in Russia are also considered.The scientific novelty involves comparing the existing concepts of virtual, digital and smart industries and enterprises of the future reported and highlighting their specific characteristics.The papers of national and foreign researchers, and the methods of system and comparative analysis are used as an information base.The research results included development of a pyramid of concepts that allows to establish the relationship between different types of Industry 4.0, and the allocation of the main criteria of a “smart” companies: unmanned production, data collection using monitors and sensors, the connection mechanisms to the Internet, data storage, cloud services, information processing based on algorithms, big data, human-machine interfaces and digital platforms, flexible integration of all systems. The authors also analyzed the distribution of large companies in Europe by the level of digitalization into five groups, and concluded that only about 10 % of companies are fully digital. In conclusion, on the basis of the refined concepts, the problems and prospects of Russia in the development of Industry 4.0 and the creation of smart enterprises are defined.

The coronavirus epidemic, which spread rapidly in the world at the beginning of 2020, led to a sharp halt in economic growth in most countries. The forced restriction of economic and social activity led to a radical reduction in final demand, which affected the economic interests of most enterprises, especially in the field of small businesses, often focused on direct contact with the final consumer. Given that small businesses operating in the service sector complete the development of a modern lifestyle, and often form a significant part of GDP, the governments of countries faced the issue of the optimal set of fiscal instruments to stimulate it. In this paper, the author attempts to accumulate current experience in implementing anti-crisis support measures for small businesses against the background of understanding the importance of small business for the economy and formulate conclusions about the relevance of the tax and budget initiatives of the government of the Russian Federation in this context. Using the methods of statistical, graphical and comparative analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that the measures implemented in Russia today have a significant potential that allows them to be implemented not only during the confrontation with the economic consequences of the epidemic, but also at the subsequent stage of economic recovery.

Introduction: the necessary amount of funding for the implementation of higher vocational curricula by universities is provided both by subsidizing free training of students on the basis of standard per capita financing, and by paying for educational services. One of the determining social and economic factors in the market is the price of higher vocational education services. In the study, the standard of per capita financing is considered as the price of educational services.Methods and information: the research was based on regulations of the government of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation. To study the features of education services, the market for their circulation, and determine the pricing algorithm, we used scientific papers of national economists.Results: based on the regulatory documents of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation for the period 2016-2019, tables were compiled with the dynamics of basic cost standards for two cost groups. To assess the impact of the coefficients on the basic cost standards, a table has been compiled indicating the range of values of the coefficients and their scope. The significance of the indices is illustrated by the table for calculating the basic cost standard using indices for three subjects of the Russian Federation. The method of bringing the per capita funding standard to the price of education services with an example of calculation in the form of a table is designed as a methodology.Discussion: the study identified that financial support for the education services unit of the state of the national task can be seen as an expression of the price, and the procedure for granting subsidies for the implementation of the national task - as a kind of market transaction. The results of the methodology can be used by universities as a guide in pricing and revenue planning when drawing up the budget for the next year. The purpose and objectives of the study can be considered completed.Conclusion: the study substantiates the high impact of standard per capita financing in the pricing process of higher vocational education services. The method of bringing the per capita standard to the price of education services has scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance for a wide range of stakeholders.

The article examines the current challenges associated with the increasing intensity of migration processes around the world, including in Russian regions, as well as the decline in the number and share of the economically active population of productive age, which has already led to a shortage of workers and the appearance of about one million vacancies in the country as a whole. For the study of regularities of this situation occurrence and search of possible ways to solve this problem, a study of the current socio-demographic situation was carried out by the example of regions of the Urals Federal district where there is an increase in the share of population over productive age during descent in the share of productive age population and the stabilization of the share of the population younger than productive age that is characterized by demographic aging in all regions of the Ural Federal district, including Kurgan, Sverdlovsk, Tyumen and Chelyabinsk region, Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous area over the past five years. It is stated that, according to a study by an international audit and consulting company, the Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk regions are among the top ten regions experiencing the greatest shortage of labor resources. The study identifies and clarifies the prerequisites for external immigration, as well as systematizes the factors that affect the development of labor migration, provides methods of economic assessment of labor migration proposed by experts, the use of which de facto confirms that migration is a driver of economic growth of the host territory, whether it is a country or region. Based on the results of the study, the main approaches to improving the regulation of migration processes in the management of regional development were developed and proposed.Purpose: to analyze the impact of migration processes on the economy of the region and develop a set of measures to improve the efficiency of their regulation.Methods: statistical analysis, comparative analysis, content analysis, systematization and generalization of research data.Results: the analyzed socio-demographic situation and migration processes in the regions of the Urals Federal district, prerequisites for development and the mechanism of labour migration as a driver of economic growth, clarified the effects of labour migration on receiving and sending regions and countries.Scientific novelty: the author’s interpretation of the category “migration driver of economic growth” is investigated and proposed, the main directions of increasing the productivity of public management of regional development in the migration and social and labor sphere are developed.

The purpose of this study is to compartmentalize the economic effects of digitalization of intercompany interactions. The research was based on modern publications on the digital platforms application in B2B-relations, indexed in the world database Web of Science Core Collection. Based on the analysis of the literature, the types of processes of digitalization of intercompany interactions are identified. These include the following types of digitalization: 1) activity-oriented relationships; 2) resource-oriented; 3) subject-oriented. It is shown that digital platforms are modular structures that include the main and removable modules and the corresponding management. The structure of the platform allows firms to achieve both scalability, by centralizing and integrating common functions in the main modules, and the evolution of interactions, by reconfiguring plug-in modules. The author has developed a systematization of the economic effects of intercompany interactions: information effects, decision-making effects, and logistics effects. The information effects include those related to increasing market transparency, transparency of resource integration, reducing the concentration of information and strengthening the coordination of companies’ activities. The decision-making effects include the effects of increasing the speed of decision-making, digital scaling, the speed of supply chain management, and the efficiency of enterprises. The effects of increasing the competitiveness of supply chains and transparency of resource integration are attributed to logistics. The theoretical significance of systematizing the economic effects of digitalization of intercompany interactions is to form the basis for developing predictive models for the use of digital platforms in B2B-relations. The practical significance of the results obtained is the development of applied tools for planning the digital platforms application in relations between firms.

Given the importance and significant impact of the “Marketing 4.0” concept, banks in Asia in general (and Vietnam in particular) have been actively implementing a variety of solutions over the past few years to expand customer access. Therefore, this article is devoted to the analysis of the features of the implementation of the “Marketing 4.0” concept in banking. The purpose of the study is to assess the effectiveness of implemented digital marketing technologies on customer loyalty in the banking. The research methods used were an online survey of representatives of banks in Vietnam, followed by regression and correlation analysis based on the results obtained, as well as a case study of successful digitalization practices in banking in Asia. The final results of the study showed a positive relationship between certain factors that affect the implementation of the “Marketing 4.0” concept in the banking: the revolution of digital technologies and business models; understanding and customer orientation; innovation and innovation trends; promotion and branding; setting goals in online mode; price; human resources; management and competencies and also identified problematic aspects of its implementation: the need to develop up-to-date regulatory support, taking into account minimizing network security risks and improving the protection of customer information confidentiality; a high level of investment and the need to attract highly qualified human resources. Practical recommendations for the successful implementation of the “Marketing 4.0” concept for banks are proposed, namely: modernization of the payment infrastructure at the national level; application of an innovation-oriented approach in the field of creative payment solutions; development of solutions to ensure information security for customers; implementation of national programs to improve financial literacy in society.

The article analyzes economic and mathematical models and methods of decision support under uncertainty. National and foreign experience of economic situations related to the dissemination of knowledge has been studied, and the main aspects of the knowledge economy have been identified. Methods of knowledge representation are considered, in particular, the rules for building a production model of knowledge are defined. The analysis of intelligent systems based on learning and self-learning (with a “teacher”, without a “teacher”) is carried out and it is concluded that to assess economic processes, it is necessary to consider a set of techniques related to poorly formalized tasks, which include economic tasks.The methodological base of the research includes the fuzzy control method, the Saati method, and the Bayesian Belief Network method, which are the basis of the developed economic and mathematical model. The theoretical and practical significance of the study is to justify the need to develop a comprehensive assessment of the efficiency of a mobile application.JSC “SKB-Bank” was selected as the research object, the subject of this study is to develop an additional module “Conducting financial card transactions of JSC ‘SKB-Bank’ ” mobile app.The effectiveness of the development was evaluated, in particular during the development of the module “Conducting financial card transactions of JSC ‘SKB-Bank’ ” of the mobile application. To do this, we defined metrics that served as criteria for determining the effectiveness of the project, as well as project risks that were estimated based on the theory of fuzzy sets. The developed methods of decision support under uncertainty allowed us to draw a conclusion about the efficiency of the project as a whole. The developed model can be used to evaluate the efficiency of mobile applications for any company.

The article deals with the problem of the relationship between the labor market and the “silver” education of the social community of people of the “third age”. The article shows the relevance of this problem in the context of pension reform and the crisis development of the region caused by the pandemic and global economic shocks. The purpose of the article is to analyze the problems, trends and opportunities for the development of the “silver” education system in the Sverdlovsk region in its relationship with the regional labor market. As a starting point, the assessments of this problem and ways to solve it by representatives of authorities and employers were taken.The empirical basis of the article is the results of a sociological study conducted by the authors in 2019-2020 in the Sverdlovsk region using a mix strategy. The article reveals the main results of the study. The article describes the current status of the “silver” labor market in the region. The main provisions of the public policy in the interests of older people are revealed. Its reactive nature, which contributes little to the development of both the “silver” labor market and the “silver” education, is argued. The article shows the contradictory attitude of employers to age-related employees and their training practices. The conditions for intensive involvement of employers in solving the problems of “silver” education in the region are revealed.The authors conclude that the region has not yet created the basis for the development of “silver” education, which could become an element of the system of continuing education in the Sverdlovsk region. Another conclusion is that the population of the “third age” in the conditions of a deep economic crisis, reinforced by the impact of the coronavirus pandemic, may find itself in a very contradictory state - to become either an active labor and social resource, or to become a heavy burden for society. Government and business representatives should make a significant contribution to this issue, expanding the labor market for the older generation and creating new opportunities for the development of “silver” education.

Purpose. To analyze the forms of citizens’ participation in the implementation of the national policy on major capital works of apartment buildings. In the article, particular emphasis is made on such a form of participation of citizens in the process of major capital works as non-admission to work performance. An attempt is made to assess the main negative effects that arise in connection with the non-admission to the provision of services and (or) the performance of major capital works by homeowners.Methods. The study is based on a systematic and structural-functional approach, and the assessment of negative effects of counteraction to the implementation of national programs by citizens is carried out using quantitative methods.Results. The analysis made it possible to identify the reasons for the late and incomplete implementation of planned measures due to the opposition from citizens on the example of the implementation of the major capital works program in the Sverdlovsk region. In practice, in this situation, the non-admission is manifested in the refusal of homeowners to provide access to common property. The authors believe that the main negative effects that arise in connection with the impeding the provision of services and (or) the performance of major capital works on the part of homeowners, involve legal costs, image losses, penalties and lost profits.Scientific novelty. The study is composed of a matrix of forms of citizens’ participation in the implementation of national policy towards major capital works, depending on the number of participants and their degree of independence. The authors identify and structure individual and collective forms of citizens’ participation in the implementation of national policy in the sphere of housing and communal services, as well as forms of direct and indirect participation in decision-making.

The modern world socio-economic system is characterized by increasing trends of globalization and integration between countries. However, the extent to which they are reflected in the business environment of individual territories is rather fragmentary. In this regard, an urgent scientific task is to analyze the impact of transnational integration on the business environment of the territory, which will allow businesses and authorities to develop competent management decisions.The study was conducted on the basis of official statistics on the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises in the frontier zone, using classification, grouping and analytical methods, as well as measurement and comparison. The frontier zone and this group of subjects of the business environment were chosen because they are the most vividly sense all changes, react more actively to them, and thus can be indicators of its state.As a result of the study, it was revealed that the noted changes in the business environment largely repeated the trends in the country as a whole. The efficiency of the regional economy in comparison with the average indicators of the Russian Federation has low values both for the main financial results of small and medium-sized businesses and for their innovative activities. Some changes in the business environment that have occurred as a result of transnational integration remain outside the scope of statistical measurements. It is shown that integration brings both positive and negative changes in the business environment of the frontier zone. For the development of frontier territories, it is important to reduce the negative trends that arise as a result of integration, and to stimulate the economic growth of small and medium-sized businesses, which adapt faster than large enterprises and make a profit from their activities in the conditions of the interstate Union.