Dobrolyubova E.I.

Both in Russia and abroad, the main trend in improving the quality of public administration is its digital transformation. However, neither Russian nor international practice has developed common approaches to assessing the benefits of public administration digitalization for its key beneficiaries citizens. In the absence of such approaches, there are risks of overestimating the positive impact of digital technologies and insufficient consideration of the interests of citizens in the implementation of initiatives for public authorities’ digitalization. This article is intended to fill this gap. The article analyzes the indices of digitalization of public administration used in international practice. Proceeding from international approaches and Russian specifics, the key effects of the public administration digitalization for citizens are justified, including increasing the availability and quality of public and municipal services, ensuring the protection of legal rights and interests of citizens, minimizing the risks associated with digital transformation, increasing civic involvement in public administration, as well as reducing the time and financial costs associated with interaction with the state. To evaluate these effects, performance and efficiency indicators are proposed. The use of the system of indicators proposed in the article will allow for a comprehensive assessment of the benefits of public administration digitalization for citizens and will help to focus the implementation of the Federal project "Digital public administration" to achieve the final socially significant results.

Purpose. Reviewing the existing approaches to evaluating efficiency and effectiveness of the federal powers delegated to the regional level and developing proposals for improvement. Methods. The approaches to evaluating efficiency and effectiveness of the delegated powers are analyzed based on the provisions of legal acts as well as the results of evaluations published in open sources. The structure of financing the delegated powers is analyzed based on the federal budget data. Results. The analysis revealed the lack of the uniform methodic approach to evaluating efficiency and effectiveness of the delegated federal powers. The performance indicators used for these evaluations are inconsistent with the requirements established for measuring the effectiveness of the respective types of administrative functions. It is demonstrated that the existing evaluation system is not a factor motivating regional administrations to improving performance in executing the delegated powers. Currently the evaluation results are not used for taking decision on allocation of functions or financial resources between the levels of governance. To address these weaknesses, the author proposes to synchronize the evaluation of effectiveness and efficiency of the delegated powers both with the sectoral strategic objectives and with the existing general approaches to evaluating the performance of the relevant types of administrative functions. Scientific novelty. Scientific novelty of the article includes the systematization of the existing approaches to evaluating efficiency and effectiveness of the delegated powers in various sectors of governance as well as the recommendations on developing uniform methodic approach to conducting such evaluation.

Improving the efficiency and effectiveness of control and oversight activities as a whole and State environmental supervision in particular is an important direction of the reform of public administration in modern Russia. A balanced and adequate system of evaluation of the efficiency and effectiveness of the State ecological control requires an examination of the international theoretical and practical approaches. Analysis of international experience in this area is presented in this article. Methods. In the analysis the author classified the indicators used in the practical activities of foreign authorities in assessing the impact and effectiveness of the State environmental monitoring, analysed the possibilities of using these parameters in the conditions of implementation of risk-based approaches to control and surveillance activities, identified the advantages and disadvantages of indicators used in the research. Results and novelty. Based on the analysis of the foreign practice of the impact and effectiveness of State environmental supervision assessment the author formulated requirements for the formation of a similar evaluation system in the Russian Federation.The author substantiated the necessity of refraining from the use of indicators, focused on the number of disclosed violations in favor of evaluating the damage prevented because of control and oversight activities, reduction of the cost of managing subjects related to supervisory activities; stressed the importance of the simultaneous use of both direct results indicators of activity of bodies of State control and final effects of their activities related to the improvement of the environment. An important aspect of the development of systems for the assessment of the impact and effectiveness of environmental supervision is to ensure the independence of the information sources used, as from monitoring bodies and the economic entity.