Vol. 64 No. 3 (2020)

Purpose. Comprehensive study of the views of Jeremy Bentham as the founder of the philosophy of utilitarianism. To achieve this goal, the following tasks have been completed: 1) the theory of utilitarianism is considered through the prism of the value of the individual; 2) Benthams ideas on the implementation of management concepts in public administration practice, which served as the basis for modern public policy analysis; 3) Benthams activities in the field of administrative management are considered. Methods. When doing the research, methods of historical-logical, political science and sociological analysis were used. Results. The article reviewed Benthams ideas and work in three areas: organizational theory and decision-making, public policy analysis, and administrative management. From Benthams legacy, his key ideas about public policy analysis and administration, as originally thought have emerged only in the twentieth century, were extracted, and formulated Scientific novelty. Utilitarianism is still a relevant approach to government, social, and organizational decision-making in the modern era. Bentham believed that he had discovered the only moral basis on which governmental, social, and organizational decisions should be made. Such decisions should be based on the idea of achieving the greatest good for the greatest number of people, that is, on the principle of maximum utility. Bentham can rightly be considered a follower of many of the constructive ideas of the French Enlightenment and the intellectual and spiritual godfather of the British welfare state, implemented in practice in the second half of the twentieth century.

Purpose. To make a comprehensive analysis of the concept of public diplomacy. To record the main stages of its transformation. To assess the impact on this process of development of information communications, the role of information and psychological influence for the formation of public opinion. To compare the use of information communications in the framework of public diplomacy, in the framework of ’’hybrid conflict”. Methods. Based on the research of national and foreign scientists, the analysis of the main directions and mechanisms of information and psychological impact is carried out. The sources and means of ’’soft power” are determined. On the basis of the theoretical approaches described, the systematization of the main concepts set out in the article is carried out. Results. The article considers public diplomacy as part of the ’’soft power” toolkit. There are four main models of public diplomacy. The reasons for the transformation of public diplomacy in the XXI century, including the emergence of new mechanisms of influence, primarily digital media, are given. It is concluded that the use of information communications is a key tool for achieving these goals both in the framework of public diplomacy and in the framework of a changed approach to the use of national armed forces in the context of deep transformation of armed conflicts. Conceptual approaches to the phenomenon of hybrid conflicts in the context of the development of the strategy of indirect actions are presented. A change in the role of public diplomacy and its tools in the new geopolitical conditions is recorded. Scientific novelty consists in a comprehensive review of the concept of public diplomacy as an integral part of the “soft power” tools, as well as in the comparison of‘civil” and “military” approaches to the use of public diplomacy.

The dramatic events of 1928-1929 - a memorable milestone in the history of Russia. The ’’Stalinist revolution”, which gave way to totalitarianism in all areas of the life of the Soviet state. The impulse of these events, the generator of changes, was the clash of ideas and methods of public administration at the five Plenums of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) in April 1928-November 1929. The Plenum of the Central Committee - ’’Quasiparlament” of those years - considered the most important socio-economic and socio-political issues of the USSR; transformed the foundations of relations between the authorities and society, the leadership of the CPSU (b) and the party of the masses. However, the Central Committee apparatus controlled by Stalin conducted a purposeful campaign to process the heads of Republican and regional party organizations in the right direction. Representatives of the Ural Regional Party Committee still had the opportunity to tell the truth about the problems of the economy and the situation of workers. But the analysis of the causes that gave rise to the crisis was already beyond the bounds of possibility: it objectively turned into a criticism of the ’’general course”, qualified as ’’opportunism”, incompatible with participation in the party ranks. At the same time, the content of speeches at the Plenums and the reporting conference of the Uralobkom of the CPSU (b) spoke more about the reluctance of regional functionaries to participate in inciting internal party discussion. As a result of the internal party struggle, the topic of the first Five-Year-plan - the main subject of the discussion in the ruling party - was practically not touched upon at the Plenums and conferences of the Uralobkom in the ’’capital” of the industrial region. The province had only to prepare for the implementation of the general tasks accepted in the center.

Purpose. This article is aimed at creating a general portrait of the members of the ruling elite of the largest region by area as the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The aim of the research is to compare the collective portraits of the regional higher administrative elite under two extreme top officials (E. A. Borisov and A. S. Nikolaev), as well as to substantiate both common features and differences. Methods. To achieve this goal, the authors used a biographical method that allowed them to analyze the socio-demographic and socio-professional qualities of members of the Yakut government. The second method - comparativism - helped to identify common and special features in the portraits of representatives of the regional ruling elite during the turnover of the head of the region. Results. In the course of their work, the authors came to the following conclusions. The change of the top official has led to changes in the environment of the highest administrative elite of the region: the representation (share) of women in the Republican Executive bodies has increased, there has been a ’rejuvenation” the number of government members with humanitarian education has become dominant, and people from the cities of the region has become more significant. The collective portrait of the regional Minister looks like this: this is a middle-aged man who is a native of the region and comes from rural areas, who received higher technical (under A. Borisov) or humanitarian (under A. Nikolaev) education in Yakut universities and before being appointed to the post of Minister, working in the public or municipal administration. In addition, as an explanatory model of these changes, the narrative of the impact of the life path, work experience and individual characteristics of the heads of the region was proposed. Scientific novelty is in a systematic/integrated approach to the consideration of the regional ruling elite. Previous works were characterized by a narrow specialization, i.e. they revealed one or another aspect of the topic under consideration. In other words, this study fills the vacuum to some extent.

Articulation of the issue. To date, the development of the social services market in the Russian Federation is aimed at attracting NPOs whose mission is related to the implementation of social benefits on an altruistic basis and the provision of services on a free basis for consumers. At the same time, the infrastructure for supporting NPOs includes development institutions that promote the commercialization of NPOs5 activities, which erodes the true mission of NPOs. Overall, the current stage of infrastructural support to NPOs of the Russian Federation aimed at the development of project management and the issues of initiation, development and implementation of strategic management starting with the definition of the mission of NPOs do not receive independent productions. Diagnostics of the presence of missions of key actors of the NPO support infrastructure - resource centers, requires additional research. Scientific mission. Diagnostics of infrastructure support for development institutions of NPOs in the direction of implementing strategic management in the activities of non-profit organizations in the service sector. Methodological base of the research. Empirical testing of the effectiveness of the efficiency of D.Richs concept “Anti-commercialization of NPOs” in the RF, in which the activities of NPOs are reduced to the implementation of the mission, rather than making a profit. The mission of the NPO organization serves as a target: planning, fundraising, building relationships with stakeholders, and driving innovation. Commercialization of NPOs - generating income as a result of activities other than the chosen mission, is interpreted as the “mission drift” syndrome. Materials employed. Description of the practices of institutions for the development of infrastructure to support NPOs in the PFD, highlighting the mission, principles of the network structure, specifying the network members - institutions of infrastructure to support NPOs in the RF subject in the PFD. Comparative analysis of the mission of resource centers of NPOs in the RF subjects of the PFD on the basis of: the presence of a mission, assessment of mission components. Key findings. The factors that limit the development of strategic management of NPOs in infrastructure support in the Russian Federation identified with the initial stage of development are: the absence of a number of institutions for the development of NPOs - resource centers of sites, a formulated mission, specifying the geography of the organizations activities in the mission; the diagnosis of the “mission drift” syndrome associated with the promotion of commercialization of NPOs5 activities. The obtained research results are of practical significance in the development of directions of infrastructure support for NPOs in the Russian Federation, in leveling the designated factors that limit the strategic management of NPOs.

Using a value-oriented approach in strategic planning on the example of the implementation of regional development strategies of the subjects of the Northwestern Federal District. The relevance of the work is due to the need to summarize the interim results of the development of regional strategic planning. The solution to this problem has predetermined the analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the known approaches to strategic planning in order to identify sets of elements in regional strategies that are typical for the development of an effective strategy Scientific novelty. Based on the analysis of eleven regional socio-economic development strategies, six elements are identified in their structure that are mandatory from the point of view of strategy developers; it is proved that the use of the principles of a value-oriented approach contributes to high-quality strategic planning for the purposes of territorial socio-economic development; based on the analysis of strategies for socio-economic development of the subjects of the northwestern Federal district, trends in the development of regional strategic documents are identified. Objective. Based on the analysis of approaches to regional strategic planning, experience in the use of territorial domestic strategizing, study of 11 strategies for socio-economic development of the Northwestern Federal district to assess the real state of affairs in the system of national regional strategic planning. The task of this work is to analyze the situation in domestic regional strategizing. Methodological base. The paper uses a number of private scientific methods: the method of comparative analysis - when analyzing the strategies of 11 subjects of the Northwestern Federal district, the method of expert assessments - when identifying trends in the strengths and weaknesses of domestic regional strategic planning, the ball method - when comparing the regional documents of the Northwestern Federal district for quantitative (the presence of elements originally laid down by the authors of the work) and qualitative (the presence of components of a value-oriented approach in the documents) components of strategies. Research results: - a critical analysis of the state of strategic regional planning was conducted, ’’bottlenecks” in domestic regional strategizing were identified, and positive proposals were made; - the range of methodological approaches to regional strategic planning is described; - a bail-point analysis of 11 programs of socio-economic development of the subjects of the Northwestern Federal district for the presence of fundamental elements of regional strategizing, as well as components of a value-oriented approach. Conclusions. In case of consistent implementation of the tasks declared in regional documents when performing operational work by managers in the field, system monitoring and correct reporting on the results achieved in the media, new approaches to strategic regional planning can qualitatively change and improve the effectiveness of strategic planning in the domestic economy.

The problem of developing strategic management of public health organizations is of particular importance. Such activity will ensure a balanced and sustainable development of public health organizations. Existing approaches to strategic management in public health organizations in Russian and foreign practice make it possible to understand that in most cases there is no well-established system of strategic management that can solve economic and managerial issues. The scientific task is to develop a method of strategic management of public health public health organizations, especially at the regional level, which is associated with the need to analyze their current state, identify promising areas of development and improve the management of health care organizations. Solving the problem will lead to an increase in the quality and availability of medical care. The methodological basis is the addition of theoretical content, development of methods and methodological approaches for strategic management of public health organizations. Statistical data of the Ministry of Health of the Nizhny Novgorod region and the Territorial Fund of the CHI served as the information base. The paper uses economic and system analysis, calculation of a standardized indicator, determination of the total rating and assignment of the rank of a public health organi- zation, which allows evaluating the results of medical care, taking into account the quality and availability in the Nizhny Novgorod region; The research uses a systematic approach, generalization, comparison and classification. Statistical methods and standardization methods were used to ensure the reliability and validity of the research results and conclusions. As a result, a method has been developed for evaluating the activities of public health organizations based on sound tools that consider the relationship of the impact on the complex social and economic situation in healthcare. The introduction of the method into the practice of government authorities will help to correctly assess the strategic potential of public health organizations at the local level and make operational decisions.

Purpose. The purpose of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the main infrastructure elements of business development in various countries, according to experts from these countries. These elements were: knowledge and technology transfer infrastructure; commercial and professional infrastructure; production and information infrastructure; market infrastructure; institutions providing easy access to existing markets; and social and cultural infrastructure. Methods. The research is based on methods of economic analysis, analogies, generalizations, classification, system, and structural approaches. Information from the Global entrepreneurship monitoring project report for 54 countries was used as input data. The estimation of the distribution of the values of indicators reflecting the opinions of experts from these countries on the effectiveness of the six main infrastructure elements of business development was based on modeling of empirical data using normal distribution density functions. Results. During the study, the average values of indicators that characterize experts’ opinions on a scale of ten about the effectiveness of each of the six key infrastructure elements of business development, and the intervals of their changes, characteristic for the majority of countries were determined. It is proved that the highest average value for countries is marked by an indicator that, according to experts, characterizes the efficiency of production and information infrastructure. And the lowest average value is typical for such an indicator as the efficiency of the knowledge and technology transfer infrastructure. The tasks of identifying countries with high and low levels of efficiency of each of the main elements have been solved. It is shown that the values of each of the six indicators under consideration are significantly differentiated across 54 countries. The absence of links between the values of each of the considered indicators and such factors as the level of income of the population in specific countries and their geographical location is confirmed. Scientific novelty. New knowledge about the effectiveness of infrastructure elements of business development in various countries has been obtained.

Education is a priority for the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation. This is what influences the strategic planning of the development of the pre-school education system. The strategy for the development of education in the Russian Federation aims to increase the availability of high-quality pre-school education with effective use of resources. With the introduction of modern models of financing and resource provision, this imposes additional responsibility on the education authorities. The key issue in these conditions is to build effective ways and mechanisms of financing that will lead to improving the quality results of organizations that implement pre-school education programs, identifying and eliminating existing unproductive expenditures. Then the released funds can be used to solve the current problems of the industry (first, to increase the wages of staff engaged in servicing pre-school educational organizations (nurseries, nurseries-kindergartens, kindergartens). Now, it is important to create a regulatory legal framework and effective technologies for economic support of the development of the pre-school education system. The article presents the essence and key directions of optimizing the statutory regulation of the procedure for determining the number of employees of organizations that implement educational programs of pre-school education. The analysis of the statutory regulation of determining the number of employees of organizations that implement educational programs of pre-school education, including teachers and teaching support staff. At the Federal, regional, and municipal levels the main problem areas (gaps, excessive regulation, etc.) are identified. The concept of identifying best practices from the point of view of the methodology established by regional normative legal acts for determining the number of employees of organizations that implement educational programs of pre-school education at the level of the subjects of the Russian Federation is presented. The results of the research can be used by the state authorities of the Russian Federations constituent entities that carry out public administration in the field of education, and by municipal education authorities when making managerial decisions.

In 2018, water supply and sanitation companies received a loss of 11.75 billion rubles. 80 % of organizations were operating at a loss. Depreciation of some objects exceeds 60 % and determines the need to attract investment. The solution may be to use the method of comparing analogs. Theoretically, this method encourages the regulated organization to reduce its own expenses. However, the practical application of the method of comparison of analogues may not ensure the achievement of the planned benefits. This problem is solved in the article. In this paper, the authors investigated the current working conditions of organizations in the field of water supply and sanitation. The necessity of optimizing existing approaches to state regulation of water supply tariffs is identified and justified. The authors described the mechanism of applying the method of comparison of analogs. The authors identified a limited use of the method of comparison of analogues in the field of water supply and sanitation. Tariff solutions were processed for these companies. As a result, the authors identified the predominance of tariff reduction as a result of using the method of comparison of analogues. This creates a threat to small networks: funds sufficient for servicing by the guaranteeing network provider may not be sufficient for small networks. As a result of the study, the authors came to the conclusion about the possibility of using the method of comparing analogues in the field of water supply and sanitation. However, the authors recommend paying attention to the experience of implementing the method of comparing analogues in the retail electricity market. In particular, the authors note the need to improve the forms and platforms of information disclosure and the need to disclose the methodology for determining basic regulatory values.

Purpose. Analysis of the quality of information provided by employers about vacancies in Internet sources in the regional labor market in terms of relevance, completeness, and reliability of information. Methodological base of the research. The analytic base of the research is formed on the basis of open sources of information about vacancies in the regional labor market of the Kemerovo region. For research, Internet sources of job search were divided into seven groups: corporate sites of companies; sites of recruitment agencies; social networks, blogs, community sites of specialists; specialized commercial job search sites; ’’Chatbots”; job aggregators; interactive portal of the Ministry of Labor and Employment. The study was conducted in May 2019 and 2020 using traditional methods of generalization, grouping, systematization of data, tabular and graphical methods of presenting information. Key findings. The results of the study showed that a small percentage of vacancies posted on the Internet contain complete and up-to-date information about the job offered. A job seeker in the virtual space risks encountering problems such as “empty” (forgotten) jobs, offers to invest money to earn money, free use of labor, and fraud. The authors have formed requirements for placing information on job search services. A unified form of presenting information about vacancies is proposed. Its use will improve the accuracy and completeness of the information provided about vacancies, which will speed up the search for jobs for applicants and the search for suitable employees for employers. This article will be useful for managers and experts of public employment services, employees of personnel management departments of commercial enterprises and organizations.

The main purpose of the study is to monitor the public consciousness of residents of the Sverdlovsk region and to assess the social mood and well-being of the population during the period of restrictions associated with the coronavirus pandemic. To obtain data, the research group of the Department of Management Theory and Sociology of the Ural Institute of Management - Branch of the RANEPA conducted a sociological study in the form of an online survey of residents of the region. The total sample size is 1000 people. The assessment indicators are the awareness of the population of the Sverdlovsk region about the pandemic, trust in various sources of information, attitude to the measures taken by the authorities to counter the spread of infection, and the impact of isolation on the well-being and financial situation of citizens. The study revealed the dependence of the populations attitude to what is associated with coronavirus infection and the established regime of self-isolation on the sources of information received and trust in them. For most of the population, this is the Internet, social networks, and information received from relatives and friends. Central TV channels are trusted by less than half of the respondents. Official statements do not inspire confidence in about a third of citizens, and regional leaders have a little more confidence in information about the pandemic than Federal leaders. These and other research results are of practical significance for carrying out preventive work with the population, searching for additional information channels, and making up a dialogue between the authorities and citizens to avoid social destabilization in the region.

The article is devoted to the study of the arrangement of a transport university activity with students and applicants as the main actors of career-oriented interaction. The article substantiates the theoretical and methodological foundations of the analysis of the selected issues: understanding of the essence of managerial problems of the organization of a career guidance activity as an order, coordination of actions of participating subjects-organizers and actors of the career guidance process; the concept of types of career guidance activities of the University (introduced in the papers by G. F. Shafranov-Kutsev and S. N. Tolstoguzov). The empirical part is based on the analysis of data from a survey of first-year students of the Ural State University of Railway Transport in order to identify the effectiveness of the organization of career guidance, factors that influence the choice of profession and a university; to determine the directions and forms of career guidance interaction between the university and graduates of general education institutions. The results of the study suggest that young people at the stage of choosing a profession and where to get it need professional guidance. Yesterday s students, and now first-year students, recognize the need and importance of this area of activity. The strategy of building a professional trajectory for a significant part of the surveyed students corresponds to the formula of choosing a profession ”1 want - I can - I must”: there is a focus on interest in the profession, taking into account the results of the Unified State Exam and demand in the labor market. The main sources of information when choosing a university are the official website of the university, advice from friends and relatives, reference books about educational institutions for applicants, and social networks. On the basis of the analysis conclusions are made about the use of propagating, selective, student-centered approaches to career guidance in USURT, dedicated career-oriented events aimed at formation of an attractive image of the university and promote transport related professions, formulated specific recommendations for improving the organization of vocational guidance.

The theoretical and methodological gap that still exists in assessing the quality of management of nonprofit organizations is becoming more and more significant in the context of increasing requirements for improving the efficiency of management in this sector of the economy. The article is devoted to the study of the possibility and feasibility of applying the CAF model to evaluating the effectiveness of management of non-profit organizations by the example of basketball clubs. The methodology of the research is based on foreign and domestic research in the field of administrative reforms in European countries, including publications in the journals such as Public Administration Review, Public Administration, Quality Management, as well as the model for improving public sector organizations through self-assessment - the CAF Model. The research methodology included the use of universal methods of bibliographic and system analysis: comparisons, compositions, and decompositions, as well as the method of deduction and the method of logical analogy. The solution of a scientific problem of substantiation of possibility and expediency of application of the CAF model in management practice of the basketball club included an analysis of the methodology for evaluating model-based CAF, the analysis of applicability to the activities of the basketball club of the indicators and evaluation criteria of model CAF and their possible revision based on features of the management of clubs, analysis of the characteristics of the methods of collecting primary information for the evaluation and preparation of recommendations for improving the activities of the basketball club. Verification of the model and adapted methodology was carried out based on the assessment of the quality of management of the basketball club. During the research, special attention was paid to the selection of evaluation indicators related to the characteristics of network interaction of the assessed organization and related entities. The methodological features of applying the CAF model to non-profit organizations were also established. The main conclusion of the study is that it has been proved that the CAF model can be applied to evaluating the effectiveness of management of basketball clubs, as well as other non-profit organizations, both in the field of sports and other fields of activity.

Purpose. Public policy in the sphere of development of small and medium business on the basis of research on development of small and medium entrepreneurship in Russia; directions of policy of the Russian Federation in the sphere of development of small and medium-sized business; legal regulation of state policy of the Russian Federation in the sphere of in the sphere of development of small and medium business; the measures of state support of small and medium business are analysed. Methods. The research is based on a set of general scientific methods, such as generalization and systematization of theoretical data based on the study of the research papers of various authors, analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison, system-functional and integrated approach, using the analysis of official statistics and regulatory Federal and regional legal acts. Results. The theoretical and practical significance of the research is that it clarifies and systematizes the concepts and approaches to public policy in the development of small and medium-sized businesses, which have not yet been sufficiently studied in Russian science. The analysis will allow us to develop an up-to-date vision of the identified problems and contribute to the improvement of state policy in the field of small and medium-sized business development. The analyzed materials will help optimize the activities of public authorities in the regions of the Russian Federation and small and medium-sized businesses in the development of this economically important area. Scientific novelty. Scientific novelty consists in the study of public policy in the field of small and medium-sized business development as an important link in the development of the economy in Russia and its regions in an unstable economic situation in order to overcome the consequences of the current crisis. Insufficient rationality of state programs for the development of small and medium-sized businesses at the Federal and regional levels has been identified: modern support measures are not effective enough, and many indicators indicate negative phenomena in the sphere of small and medium-sized businesses. There are problems associated with insufficiently effective organization of Bank lending, awareness of support measures, lack of collateral, etc., which does not allow you to take advantage of such measures as the provision of subsidies, grants, etc.