Verbitskaya Tatiana V.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the problem of building a dialogue between nuclear and non-nuclear states of the Middle East with the aim to reach an agreement on a nuclear-free zone in the region as a measure to preserve the nuclear non-proliferation regime. The research purpose is to identify ways of creating a nuclear-free zone in the Middle East in the context of the geopolitical realities of the region. The research relevance is due to the fact, that the adoption of the Treaty on Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in 2017, which implies a fundamental change in the position of actors in the nuclear field, gave rise to the need to determine prospects for the nuclear non-proliferation regime. The research revealed that in order to preserve the regime, it is necessary to adapt it to the modern realities of international relations, meaning a more active role than in the bipolar era of non-nuclear states and a solution to the ongoing problem of states actually possessing nuclear weapons, including Israel in the Middle East.

Materials and methods. The research used structural-functional method (to identify the role of the Middle East nuclear settlement problem in political processes in the framework of the nuclear non-proliferation regime transformation), and case-study method (to study the specifics of creating a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the Middle East, in the context of geopolitical contradictions between nuclear powers in the region). The results of the research are the identified ways to strengthen the nuclear non-proliferation regime through the creation of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the Middle East, which implies solution to the issue of providing guarantees to states, actually possessing nuclear weapons. The work found that Russia, as a leading nuclear power, will be able to initiate and implement these measures. Discussion. The nuclear non-proliferation regime can be strengthened through establishing a political process towards reaching agreement between nuclear and non-nuclear powers at regional level when adopting an action plan to create a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the Middle East, which will serve as the basis for building a similar dialogue for adopting other measures towards nuclear non-proliferation regime at universal level.

The research relevance is justified by the fact that the intensification of Russia's dialogue with the Central Asian countries (including Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan) in a bilateral and multilateral format, both in the field of politics, economics, and in the humanitarian sphere, is Russia's geopolitical priority in the post-Soviet space. It is revealed that despite the recognized importance of ensuring the protection of intellectual property as the means of preserving and accumulating the national spiritual wealth in the framework of humanitarian cooperation between Russia and the countries of Central Asia, as well as a large number of connections between scientific, educational institutions and projects of the parties, the potential for cooperation between the parties in this field, both in bilateral and multilateral formats, is not sufficiently transparent.

Purpose: to identify tools to improve the mechanism for intellectual property protection based on agreements between Russia and Central Asian countries.

Methods: quantitative, qualitative analysis, structural-functional analysis, case-study, comparative studies. The application of structural-functional analysis method allowed for establishing a correlation between the provisions of bilateral agreements between Russia and the countries of Central Asia. Case-study was used for identifying ways to develop cooperation between the parties in the field of intellectual property protection. A comparative study of bilateral agreements and provisions of strategic documents of Russia and the Central Asian countries in the field of intellectual property protection is important to identify the degree of engagement into dialogue between the parties in the area under research.

Results. The issue of the efficient use of multilateral format of humanitarian cooperation of the parties in the field of intellectual property protection, where Russia will act as one of the parties, and all the Central Asian countries as the other party, has been found debateable. However, the development level of the dialogue between the parties in humanitarian and other fields, being deeply historically rooted, provides for the conclusion of the expedience of introducing such a format of humanitarian cooperation, however, only after bilateral agreements are signed between Russia and the Central Asian countries in the field of intellectual property protection property, considering the specifics of each of the Central Asian countries and the specifics of their bilateral relations with Russia in the humanitarian field.

The article is devoted to the study of the definitions of paradiplomacy formulated by both Russian and foreign scientists as the activity of sub-state actors (including the regions of federal states and municipalities) in the world arena through the international contacts and foreign economic relations. The purpose of the study is to determine the paradiplomacy by formulating the signs of this phenomenon as a result of analysis of the definitions of the paradiplomacy of Russian and foreign scientists. Methods. The work is based on the use of the method of expert assessments to study the concept of paradiplomacy, it’s essential characteristics and the features of actors involved in the implementation of paradiplomacy. System-structural analysis was also used to identify signs of paradiplomacy as a holistic phenomenon. The results of the research consist in defining the signs of paradiplomacy (including the actors participating in its implementation and the content of the paradiplomacy – international contacts and foreign economic relations of the regions of the federal state and municipalities). The results of the research can be applied within the science of international relations (for studying the features of participation of sub-state actors in world politics). The scientific novelty of the work are that despite a large number of studies of paradiplomacy, a unified approach to the definition of this phenomenon was not formed. Paradiplomacy in Russia is insufficiently studied by Russian scientists, since the paraplomacy is not delimited from related phenomena (primarily from such unlawful ones as separatism).

Purpose. Studying of common traits and peculiarities of each mentioned armed conflict. Objectives: studying of armed conflicts, occurring on the territory of the CIS member states, as the most important characteristics of the post-Soviet space; given characteristic of modern armed conflicts, taking place in the world as an example of crisis situations, arising onto the territory of States members of the CIS; analysis of changes in the nature of relations between the Russian Federation and other countries (primarily in Western Europe and the United States of America), Russia and the European Union, which adjust their foreign policies with the strengthening of the Russian state, the Russian Federation's positions in the international arena on the example of mentioned crisis situations. Methodology and methods. Comparative analysis of the conflicts, that have arisen in different time intervals (immediately after the collapse of the USSR, at the stage of consolidation of the State of the Union of Independent States countries, currently), as a working methodology, allows to set the characteristics of armed conflicts, arising on the post-Soviet space. Results. It was found that the crises arising in the territory of States the CIS member states, allow to characterize today's armed conflicts in the world (completely correspond to the grounds of the armed conflict, as reflected in the Geneva law, the impact on their course have foreign policy of other countries). Science novelty. It was determined, that the crisis in Chechnya, Georgia and Ukraine have characteristic features (the recognition or non-recognition of a situation of armed conflict, the historical background) associated with their emergence, development, and the occurrence, therefore, it cannot be ignored the common features of these conflicts ("national" issue, the problem of preservation of statehood, foreign interference, the rapid escalation of the conflict active phase, connected with the use of armed forces).

Purpose. To study the functions, vested in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on public administration in the field of security and defense, both in re and on the basis of the existing legislation. Methods. On the basis of comparative-historical research the author reflected the functions of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of security and defense, both at present and earlier time intervals. Using comparative studies, the author determined features for docking the status of the subjects of the Federal States, both the Russian Federation and foreign countries. Functional and teleological analysis made it possible to carry out the classification of the functions of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on public administration in the field of security and defense. Results. Proceeding from the analysis of the existing legislation, both of the Russian Federation and foreign countries, legislation of the subjects of the Russian Federation, jurisdiction practice of the higher Russian courts (first of all, the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation), the author determined and classified the powers granted to the subjects exercising the public management in the field of security and defense. Scientific novelty. To date, no research has been carried out to examine the power of administrative activity of subjects of the Russian Federation on the implementation of the functions in the sphere of security and defense. Meanwhile, the gaps in the existing Russian legislation in this sphere, as well as the availability of normative legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation aimed at mediation of the management process in the field of security and defense are in need of scientific understanding. In this article, the author identified the gaps existing in the Federal legislation to empower the constituent entities of the Russian Federation with the powers in the area of public security and suggested the ways to address them. The acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation aimed at legal mediation management process in sphere of maintenance of subjects of the Russian Federation on security and defense were analyzed and proposals for the improvement of the existing law were formulated.

Purpose. To define a national security place within the Russian legal system. Methods. In the article, the author uses the method of system analysis, climbing from the abstract to the concrete, and modeling. Results. Meaningful characteristics of national security, its substantive scope of existence are defined. Scientific novelty. In the article, the author explores the problem of national security characteristics as an integrated institute of constitutional law; introduces the roposals to improve the constitutional-legal regulation in this sphere of social relations.

Purpose and methods. The paper considers the problem of conflicts within the framework of the sources of the national security policy and how to alleviate them, the role of monitoring the Elimination of shortcomings of legal regulation. This topic is relevant because the existence of conflicts of legal regulation makes the effective implementation of the law impossible, which is particularly problematic in the area of national security, where it comes to the vital interests of the nation. Results and scientific innovation. The structure of the thesis consists of the symbol of the problem of conflicts in this area, the next is the description of the conflict of terminology, then the conflicting functions of monitoring authorities and provide suggestions for fixing the problem. The author concluded that, to avoid conflicts in this area must be given appropriate functions for monitoring the Security Council of the Russian Federation. The contribution of the author is to attempt to analyse the conflicts existing in the field and ways to overcome them.