Abstract
Introduction. Based on the available data, the main practices of self-preservation behavior of the popu- lation 15 years and older are studied. An individual’s self-preservation behavior is considered in two main areas: everyday life - behavior for preventing illness and during illness (contacting a medical professional).
Materials and methods. State statistics data were used as an empirical basis; results of selective monitoring of the population’s health status for the period from 2019 to 2023; database of the Russian Monitoring of Economics and Health (RLMS-HSE) for the period from 1994 to 2022. The data made it possible to consider the problem of self-preservation behavior in dynamics and in the context of socio-demographic groups.
Results. In Russia, there are few people with a high commitment to a healthy life: 7.0% of men and 10.9% of women. Few people eat enough fruits and vegetables every day: 14.2% of the population (2022 - 12.0%), rural population - 15.9%, urban population - 13.6%. There are regional differences in the consumption of fruits and vegetables, which may be related to the availability and eating habits of the population.
In some types of behavior, people began to behave more responsibly. The majority of the population (68.8%) do not smoke and have not smoked before; 12.3% have quit smoking. For women, the dynamics have not changed over 26 years, but men began to smoke 18.6% less. Alcohol consumption has decreased significantly; representatives of the 35-54 year old group (every tenth) consume it more often. Positive dynamics in physical activity; currently, more than half of citizens are systematically involved in physical culture and sports - 56.8% (according to the Ministry of Sports). In case of health problems, one third of Russians (37.8% of men and 39.5% of women) went to a polyclinic, to a doctor, the majority treated themselves, the situation worsened with the onset of the pandemic in 2020.
Conclusion. In general, the behavior of the population for the purpose of health prevention has a positive trend, but remains at a low level and cannot make a significant contribution to improving the health of the population. At the same time, population activity during the period of illness also remains at a low level, and there is no positive dynamics. Against the backdrop of increasing morbidity, more than half of citizens do not consult a doctor during illness and engage in selftreatment.
References
ГЕНЧИКОВА И. В. Механизмы реализации
стратегических приоритетов увеличения ожидаемой продолжительности жизни // Вопросы управления. 2023. № 3 (82). С. 60–71. DOI
10.22394/2304-3369-2023-3-60-71. EDN IPNRFP.
ЛОКОСОВ В. В., РОИК В. Д. Жизненные возможности людей: концептуальные подходы и измерение// Народонаселение. 2020. Т. 23, № 4. С. 19–25. DOI 10.19181/population.2020.23.4.2. EDN RFTTBL.
НАЗАРОВА И. Б. Здоровье занятого населения: Монография. Москва: МАКС Пресс, 2007. EDN QOHGDX.
STEFLER, D., MURPHY,M., IRDAM,D., HORVAT,P.,
JARVIS, M., KING, L., MCKEE,M., &BOBAK,M. (2017).
Smoking and Mortality in Eastern Europe: Results
From the PrivMort Retrospective Cohort Study of
177 376 Individuals. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 20(6), 749–754. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntx122.
KUZNETSOVA,P.O. (2020). Alcohol mortality in Russia: Assessment with representative survey data.
Population and Economics, 4(3), 75–95. https://doi.
org/10.3897/popecon.4.e51653.
ФЕДОТОВ А. А. Распространение алкоголизма и наркомании в регионах России // Народонаселение. 2022. Т. 25, № 3. С. 144–152. DOI
10.19181/population.2022.25.3.11. EDN NKBUBU.
БЛИНОВА Т. В., ВЯЛЬШИНА А. А., НОЖКИ
НА И.А. Гендерные аспекты самосохранительного поведения студентов города Саратова в период пандемии COVID-19// Экология человека. 2021. № 9. С. 55–63. DOI 10.33396/1728-0869
2021-9-55-63. EDN GLCFOM.
КОНЕВ Ю. В., ЛИ Е. Д., КУЗНЕЦОВ О. О., ТРУБНИКОВА И. А. Особенности питания в пожилом и старческом возрасте // РМЖ. 2009. Т. 17, № 2. С. 145–148. EDN PBJXGZ.
TARTOF, S. Y., QIAN, L., HONG, V., WEI, R., NADJAFI, R. F., FISCHER, H., LI, Z., SHAW, S. F., CAPAROSA, S. L., NAU, C. L., SAXENA, T., RIEG, G. K., ACKERSON, B. K., SHARP, A. L., SKARBINSKI, J., NAIK, T. K.,
& MURALI, S. B. (2020). Obesity and Mortality
Among Patients Diagnosed With COVID-19: Results From an Integrated Health Care Organization.
Annals of Internal Medicine, 173(10), 773–781.
https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-3742.
ГОРОШКО Н. В., ЕМЕЛЬЯНОВА Е. К., ПАЦАЛА С. В. Проблема медицинской активности на
селения России в эпоху COVID-19 // Социальные аспекты здоровья населения. 2022. Т. 68, №3. С.15 DOI 10.21045/2071-5021-2022-68-3-15. EDN QTYSRX.
DHANA, K., FRANCO, O. H., RITZ, E. M., FORD,C.N., DESAI,P., KRUEGER,K.R., HOLLAND,T.M.,
DHANA, A., LIU, X., AGGARWAL, N. T., EVANS, D. A., &RAJAN,K.B. (2022). Healthy lifestyle and life expec
tancy with and without Alzheimer's dementia: Pop
ulation based cohort study. BMJ: British Medical
Journal, Article e068390. https://doi.org/10.1136/
bmj-2021-068390.
CORNELISSE-VERMAAT, J. R., ANTONIDES, G.,
VAN OPHEM, J.A.C., &VAN DEN BRINK,H.M. (2006).
Body Mass Index, Perceived Health, and Happiness:
Their Determinants and Structural Relationships.
Social Indicators Research, 79(1), 143–158. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s11205-005-4097-7.
ФЕДОТОВ А. А. Факторы, воздействующие
на потребление алкоголя: региональный анализ//
Региональные проблемы преобразования экономики. 2023. №6(152). С.19–30. DOI 10.26726/1812-7096-2023-6-19-30. EDN SBKJAS.
ТАНАТОВА Д. К., КОРОЛЕВ И. В., ЛЕОНТЬЕВА Т. В. Физическая культура и спорт в жизни
российского населения // Народонаселение. 2022. Т. 25, № 1. С. 167–176. DOI 10.19181/population.2022.25.1.14. EDN NVJAKD.
НАЗАРОВА И. Б. Показатели, характеризующие здоровье жителей России к 2021 году // Народонаселение. 2022. Т.25, №2. С.28–38. DOI
10.19181/population.2022.25.2.3. EDN XRXQCH.
ДЖИ К., РОСАЛАМ Ч. М., ХАЙРУЛ М. К., РУХАЙЗИН С. Здоровый образ жизни как средство управления рисками для здоровья: компоненты и факторы. Аналитический обзор // Анализ риска здоровью. 2023. № 4. С. 158–171. DOI
10.21668/health.risk/2023.4.15. EDN LDWZOW.
ДРУЖИНИН П. В., МОЛЧАНОВА Е. В. Первая
и вторая волны пандемии COVID-19 в российских регионах: сравнение изменения уровня
смертности// Журнал Сибирского федерального университета. Серия: Гуманитарные науки.
2021. Т. 14, № 7. С. 1028–1038. DOI 10.17516/
1997-1370-0782. EDN HNRPZU.
КИСЛИЦИНА О.А., ЧУБАРОВА Т.В. Факторы,
влияющие на обращаемость россиян за медицинской помощью: гендерный аспект // Женщина в российском обществе. 2023. № 2. С. 94
DOI 10.21064/WinRS.2023.2.7. EDN JHXBVJ.
КИСЛИЦЫНА О. А. Детерминанты использования амбулаторных медицинских услуг в России: влияние места жительства // Уровень жизни населения регионов России. 2023. Т. 19, № 2.
С.216–225. DOI 10.52180/1999-9836_2023_19_2_
5_216_225. EDN GZPINW.
РОСТОВСКАЯ Т. К., ШАБУНОВА А. А., КНЯЗЬКОВА Е. А. Самосохранительное поведение россиян: оценка состояния здоровья и возможности долгожительства // Проблемы социальной
гигиены, здравоохранения и истории медицины.
2020. Т.28, №6. С.1275–1280. DOI 10.32687/0869
866X-2020-28-6-1275-1280. EDN IPAUNM.
GENCHIKOVA, I. V. (2023). Mechanisms for im
plementing strategic priorities for increasing life
expectancy. Management Issues, (3), 60–71. https:/
/doi.org/10.22394/2304-3369-2023-3-60-71.
LOKOSOV, V. V., & ROIK, V. D. (2020). Life op
portunities of people: Conceptual approaches and
measurement. Population, 23(4), 19–25. https://doi.
org/10.19181/population.2020.23.4.2.
NAZAROVA,I.B. (2007). Health of the Employed
Population. MAKS Press. https://elibrary.ru/qohgdx.
STEFLER, D., MURPHY,M., IRDAM,D., HORVAT,P.,
JARVIS, M., KING, L., MCKEE,M., &BOBAK,M. (2017).
Smoking and Mortality in Eastern Europe: Results
From the PrivMort Retrospective Cohort Study of
177 376 Individuals. Nicotine & Tobacco Research,
20(6), 749–754. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntx122.
KUZNETSOVA,P.O. (2020). Alcohol mortality in
Russia: Assessment with representative survey data.
Population and Economics, 4(3), 75–95. https://doi.
org/10.3897/popecon.4.e51653.
FEDOTOV, A. A. (2022). The spread of alcohol
ism and drug addiction in the regions of Russia.
Population, 25(3), 144–152. https://doi.org/10.19181/
population.2022.25.3.11.
BLINOVA, T. V., VYALSHINA, A. A., & NOZHKI
NA, I. A. (2021). Gender variations in elf-preserving
behavior during the Covid-19 pandemic among the
students in Saratov. Human Ecology, (9), 55–63.
https://doi.org/10.33396/1728-0869-2021-9-55-63.
KONEV, YU. V., LEE, E. D., KUZNETSOV, O. O.,
&TRUBNIKOVA, I. A. (2009). Features of nutrition in
the elderly and senile age. RMJ, 17(2), 145–148. https://
elibrary.ru/pbjxgz.
TARTOF, S. Y., QIAN, L., HONG, V., WEI, R., NAD
JAFI, R. F., FISCHER, H., LI, Z., SHAW, S. F., CAPARO
SA, S. L., NAU, C. L., SAXENA, T., RIEG, G. K., ACKER
SON, B. K., SHARP, A. L., SKARBINSKI, J., NAIK, T. K.,
& MURALI, S. B. (2020). Obesity and Mortality
Among Patients Diagnosed With COVID-19: Re
sults From an Integrated Health Care Organization.
Annals of Internal Medicine, 173(10), 773–781.
https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-3742.
GOROSHKO, N. V., EMELYANOVA, E. K., & PAT
SALA, S. V. (2022). The problem of medical activity
of the Russian population during Covid-19. Social
Aspects of Population Health, 68(3), Article 15.
https://doi.org/10.21045/2071-5021-2022-68-3-15.
DHANA, K., FRANCO, O. H., RITZ, E. M.,
FORD,C.N., DESAI,P., KRUEGER,K.R., HOLLAND,T.M.,
DHANA, A., LIU, X., AGGARWAL, N. T., EVANS, D. A.,
&RAJAN, K. B. (2022). Healthy lifestyle and life ex
pectancy with and without Alzheimer's dementia:
Population based cohort study. BMJ: British Medical
Journal, Article e068390. https://doi.org/10.1136/
bmj-2021-068390.
CORNELISSE-VERMAAT, J. R., ANTONIDES, G.,
VAN OPHEM,J.A.C., &VAN DEN BRINK,H.M. (2006).
Body Mass Index, Perceived Health, and Happiness:
Their Determinants and Structural Relationships.
Social Indicators Research, 79(1), 143–158. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s11205-005-4097-7.
FEDOTOV, A. A. (2023). Factors influencing
alcohol consumption: Regional analysis. Regional
Problems of Economic Transformation, (6), 19–30.
https://doi.org/10.26726/1812-7096-2023-6-19-30.
TANATOVA, D. K., KOROLEV, I. V., & LEONTYE
VA, T. V. (2022). Physical culture and sports in the
life of the Russian population. Population, 25(1), 167
https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2022.25.1.14.
NAZAROVA, I. B. (2022). Indicators character
izing the health of Russian residents by 2021. Population, 25(2), 28–38. https://doi.org/10.19181/
population.2022.25.2.3.
GEE, K., ROSALAM, C. M., KHAIRUL, M. K.,
&RUKHAYZIN,S. (2023). Healthy lifestyle as a way to
manage health risks: components and factors. An
alytical review. Health Risk Analysis, (4), 158–171.
https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2023.4.15.
DRUZHININ,P.V., &MOLCHANOVA,E.V. (2021).
The first and second waves of the Covid-19 pan
demic in the russian regions: Comparison of the
change in the mortality rate. Journal of Siberian
Federal University. Humanities and Social Sciences,
14(7), 1028–1038. https://doi.org/10.17516/1997
1370-0782.
KISLITSINA, O. A., & CHUBAROVA, T. V. (2023).
Factors influencing Russians’ applications for medical
assistance: Gender aspect. Woman in Russian Society,
(2), 94–108. https://doi.org/10.21064/WinRS.2023.2.7.
KISLITSYNA, O. A. (2023). Determinants of
outpatient health service utilization in Russia: In
f
luence of place of residence. Living Standarts of the
Population in the Regions of Russia, 19(2), 216–225.
https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2023_19_2_
5_216_225.
ROSTOVSKAYA, T. K., SHABUNOVA, A. A.,
& KNYAZKOVA, E. A. (2020). The self-preserving
behavior of citizen of the Russian federation: Health
assessment and possibilities of longevity. Problems
of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Med
icine, 28(6), 1275–1280. https://doi.org/10.32687/
0869-866X-2020-28-6-1275-1280.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2025 Management Issues