Симонова Виктория Львовна

Introduction. The article presents the author's approach to the analysis of economic ecosystems in the context of digital transformation. The authors substantiate the need to develop a unified typology of economic ecosystems that would facilitate a better understanding of their structure and dynamics. The novelty lies in the study, analysis of scientific papers on economic ecosystems and the synthesis of individual points of view to form a unified approach to typology.

Materials, methods and structure of the study. The study is based on the theoretical principles of the economic ecosystem approach and stakeholder theory, as well as the use of structural and economic comparative analysis to substantiate the conclusions. The sources used from international databases ensured the relevance of the topic, allowing us to identify key stakeholders, analyze the role of digital technologies and the transformation of resources in the context of digitalization of enterprise ecosystems.

Results of the study. The main categories and criteria for the typology of ecosystems are considered; the impact of digitalization on economic processes within ecosystems is discussed, emphasizing the importance of this aspect for modern business models; an analysis of the stages of the evolutionary development of business ecosystems is carried out, ranging from simple partnerships to multi-level platform ecosystems. As a result, a typology of first-level ecosystems is presented in the form of business, innovation, knowledge and entrepreneurial ecosystems. At the second level, business ecosystems are grouped by criteria – ecosystem goals, degree of digitalization, scale of coverage of relationships with stakeholders.

Discussion. The proposed classification takes into account various aspects of ecosystems, including goals, the degree of digitalization, and the scope of stakeholder relationships. The proposed typology contributes to the formation of a scientific standardized approach in terms of grouping studies and approaches in studying the ecosystem form of enterprise organization according to specified criteria into types and expands our understanding of the conceptual boundaries between different ecosystems.

The rapid development of digital technologies has changed the ideas about business interactions, the ecosystem paradigm of company management has become the basis for the development and implementation of innovations. However, there are no generalizing studies on the problem of modeling the company’s ecosystem in the domestic scientific literature.

The purpose of this study is to develop a formalized potential for digitalization of a company’s ecosystem. The following theoretical and practical results have been obtained. The results of scientific research published in the articles indexed in the global database Web of Science Core Collection for 2015–2021 are the information base of this paper.

The article provides critical analysis of the previous studies, and demonstrates the relevance of the problem of developing a formalized potential for digitalization of the company’s ecosystem. Based on the author’s ideas on the representation of ecosystem actors in the form of stakeholders, the main components of the external space of the company are identified: stakeholders, company resources and end-to-end digital technologies. The main factors that form the potential of digitalization of the company’s ecosystem are identified. Ecosystem stakeholders are divided into representatives of business, authorities, consumers, education and science and mass media. Company resources are material, labor, financial and information resources. Digital technologies include: artificial intelligence, additive technologies, blockchain, Internet of things, robotics, social networks and virtual reality. Various areas of application of the formalized potential of digitalization of the company’s ecosystem are presented: the ability to assess the potential in various areas; assessment of the influence of various components of the company’s ecosystem on the development of its other elements; development of a common analytical model of capacity; assessment of the threshold values of factors for the development of the digitalization potential of the company’s ecosystem; a tool to work out a strategy for the development of the company’s ecosystem.

The object of this study is an economic ecosystem. The economic ecosystem is understood as the external environment of a business entity (firm, organization, economic territory), including both economic and non-economic relationships.

The goal of this study is to develop a theory of ecosystem analysis based on the principles and ideas reflecting the patterns of development of economic ecosystems.

During the study the following results were obtained. The principle of interconnection of the system elements is formulated, which consists in the fact that the existence of an economic ecosystem is ensured by the presence of links between its elements. The idea of assessing the network potential of the ecosystem core is put forward. The principle of systematic existence of an ecosystem is proposed, which consists in the fact that the stability of an economic ecosystem is ensured by the presence of systemic relations between its elements. For the instrumental analysis of ecosystems, the idea of applying the system economic theory is formulated. The principle of reciprocity of ecosystem elements has been developed, demonstrating that the functioning of an economic ecosystem is ensured by mutual connections between its elements. The prac- tical implementation of the principle is possible within the framework of the idea of stakeholder modeling of the ecosystem. The principle of information transparency of the ecosystem is substantiated, it state that the transparency of relations between the elements of the economic ecosystem is ensured by the presence of information openness between its elements. The idea of the digital potential of the ecosystem core is formulated. The principle of ecosystem optimality has been developed, describing that the optimality of the development of an economic ecosystem is ensured by the completeness of the connections between its elements. The idea of transactional optimality of the configuration of elements of the economic ecosystem is put forward.

The theoretical significance of the results lies in the fact that the application of the formulated principles and ideas is a theoretical platform for analyzing the development of real economic ecosystems. The practical significance of the results consists in the development of methodological foundations for the analysis of real economic ecosystems.

In the current environment, the active development and implementation of innovations in their broad sense become the basic factor of survival and sustainable growth of socio-economic systems and the national economy as a whole. Following this trend, entrepreneurial, platform, service, technological, digital and other enterprises become innovative ecosystems. At the same time, the analytical apparatus for assessing the parameters of their development is not sufficiently developed. In order to provide a theoretical and practical contribution to the ecosystem approach emerging in the economy and management, the article defines the innovation ecosystem of a high-tech enterprise and suggests its scheme based on the classification of stakeholders. Stakeholders are divided into sectors of consumers, contractors (suppliers and competitors), public administration institutions, social and scientific and educational spheres. The calculated factors (or indicators that characterize them) of each party that mutually influence the business entity as the core of the ecosystem are indicated. Examples and effects of cross-impacts in the ecosystem are given, as well as a number of contradictions that slow down the pace of ecosystem development. The author proposes a hypothesis about the analytical model for assessing the innovation ecosystem of a high-tech enterprise based on the classification of stakeholders. Within the framework of the ecosystem management technologies, it is suggested that the efficiency and stability of interactions between economic entities and other stakeholders of the ecosystem are based on the principle of balancing their interests.

The set of research methods includes the analysis of scientific publications, factor modeling and classification. The practical basis for the study is the innovation ecosystem of a large production enterprise of the Sverdlovsk region, which is part of the Rostec Corporation. The theoretical and practical contributions of the research are the clarification and approbation of the stakeholder scheme of the innovation ecosystem in different business models and ecosystems of social entrepreneurship. Besides the paper discusses the principles of development and sustainability of ecosystem relations and interactions in economic systems.

The purpose of this study is to compartmentalize the economic effects of digitalization of intercompany interactions. The research was based on modern publications on the digital platforms application in B2B-relations, indexed in the world database Web of Science Core Collection. Based on the analysis of the literature, the types of processes of digitalization of intercompany interactions are identified. These include the following types of digitalization: 1) activity-oriented relationships; 2) resource-oriented; 3) subject-oriented. It is shown that digital platforms are modular structures that include the main and removable modules and the corresponding management. The structure of the platform allows firms to achieve both scalability, by centralizing and integrating common functions in the main modules, and the evolution of interactions, by reconfiguring plug-in modules. The author has developed a systematization of the economic effects of intercompany interactions: information effects, decision-making effects, and logistics effects. The information effects include those related to increasing market transparency, transparency of resource integration, reducing the concentration of information and strengthening the coordination of companies’ activities. The decision-making effects include the effects of increasing the speed of decision-making, digital scaling, the speed of supply chain management, and the efficiency of enterprises. The effects of increasing the competitiveness of supply chains and transparency of resource integration are attributed to logistics. The theoretical significance of systematizing the economic effects of digitalization of intercompany interactions is to form the basis for developing predictive models for the use of digital platforms in B2B-relations. The practical significance of the results obtained is the development of applied tools for planning the digital platforms application in relations between firms.