Korchagina Irina V.

Introduction. According to the development goals of the Russian Federation up to 2030, life expectancy (LE) is to be increased to 78 years, and in the long term –up to 81 years by 2036. Significant territorial, settlement, and gender differences in mortality and life expectancy are serious barriers to achieving the stated goals. The regions of the Siberian Federal District (FD) have had higher mortality rates and lower LE for many decades compared to the Russian average ones. This fact proves the scientific and practical importance of the study. The purposes of the study include identifying key trends in the LE dynamics for 2010–2023, determining the relationship between significant economic, socio-demographic determinants and life expectancy, and developing a typology of regions of the Siberian FD based on the level of LE and influencing factors.

Materials and methods. The analysis is based on the data of the Federal State Statistics Service on mortality and life expectancy in the regions of the Siberian Federal District, in Russia for 2010–2023, as well as on the results of correlation, multiple regression analysis of the relationship between LE and influencing factors.

Results. In 2010–2019, a trend towards an increase in life expectancy was formed due to rising standard of living of the population, a decrease in per capita sales of strong spirits, and a decrease in mortality from unnatural causes. In 2020–2021, life expectancy decreased significantly as a result of the coronavirus pandemic. The reduction was most noticeable in Siberian regions with a relatively high level of economic development, where regional capitals have population of about and more than one million people. The period of 2022–2023 revealed a tendency for LE to recover to the level of 2019. In the first half of 2024, mortality increased in absolute terms and, as a result, life expectancy decreased.

Discussion. The authors identify factors that have a statistically significant impact on LE. A positive impact is exerted by the growth of per capita income of the population, while a negative impact is exerted by an increase in per capita consumption of strong liquor (over 25% of strength). The following types of regions are identified according to life expectancy: moderately problematic, problematic, and highly problematic. The typology makes it possible to develop measures for minimizing risk LE factors taking into account regional features. A differentiated approach to the implementation of family and demographic policies in the regions will improve the effectiveness of the measures taken.

Development of technological entrepreneurship based on the innovation ecosystem is an important aspect of the modern economic development of countries and regions. Policies and measures for the development of innovative ecosystems in the Russian environment have insufficient effectiveness, largely due to the lack of scientific and methodological developments. The management system for the innovation ecosystem development should take into account its internal laws and use modern technologies of strategic management. The authors of the study used the methodology of the balanced scorecard system to elaborate goals and management indicators of the strategy for the innovation ecosystem development. Four future directions for constructing a strategic map for the development of the innovation ecosystem are proposed: “technological entrepreneurship”, “interaction and communication”, “resources”, and “infrastructure”. These directions cover the “hard” and “soft” components of the innovation ecosystem in their relationship. The goals of all the directions through a chain of cause-and-effect relationships are focused on the development of technological entrepreneurship that contributes to regional economic growth. As opposed to the existing approaches, the strategic map of the innovation ecosystem development takes into account the intermediate link between the allocation of resources, the definition of the pool of participants and the emergence of successful technological entrepreneurs. This link is the dynamics of interaction in the innovation ecosystem, the elaboration of social capital, entrepreneurial culture, and practices of co-evolution and collaboration. Based on the strategic map, a system of balanced indicators has been developed for controlling the processes of the innovation ecosystem development. For the purposes of each direction (except for the “technological entrepreneurship”), lagging and leading indicators are defined. The presence of leading indicators allows the management entity to assess not only the level of goals achievement, but also the key success factors for them. Use of a system of balanced indicators to develop a strategy for creating an innovation ecosystem increases the effectiveness of management and implements a systematic approach to technological entrepreneurship.