Dolzhenko Ruslan A.

The object of this study is an economic ecosystem. The economic ecosystem is understood as the external environment of a business entity (firm, organization, economic territory), including both economic and non-economic relationships.

The goal of this study is to develop a theory of ecosystem analysis based on the principles and ideas reflecting the patterns of development of economic ecosystems.

During the study the following results were obtained. The principle of interconnection of the system elements is formulated, which consists in the fact that the existence of an economic ecosystem is ensured by the presence of links between its elements. The idea of assessing the network potential of the ecosystem core is put forward. The principle of systematic existence of an ecosystem is proposed, which consists in the fact that the stability of an economic ecosystem is ensured by the presence of systemic relations between its elements. For the instrumental analysis of ecosystems, the idea of applying the system economic theory is formulated. The principle of reciprocity of ecosystem elements has been developed, demonstrating that the functioning of an economic ecosystem is ensured by mutual connections between its elements. The prac- tical implementation of the principle is possible within the framework of the idea of stakeholder modeling of the ecosystem. The principle of information transparency of the ecosystem is substantiated, it state that the transparency of relations between the elements of the economic ecosystem is ensured by the presence of information openness between its elements. The idea of the digital potential of the ecosystem core is formulated. The principle of ecosystem optimality has been developed, describing that the optimality of the development of an economic ecosystem is ensured by the completeness of the connections between its elements. The idea of transactional optimality of the configuration of elements of the economic ecosystem is put forward.

The theoretical significance of the results lies in the fact that the application of the formulated principles and ideas is a theoretical platform for analyzing the development of real economic ecosystems. The practical significance of the results consists in the development of methodological foundations for the analysis of real economic ecosystems.

Problem statement. Blockchain and smart contracts are technologies that in the nearest future may affect the quality and nature of relations in almost any sphere, including labor relations. At the present stage of development, these technologies are in the phase of formation, therefore, standardization procedures are especially important for all spheres, including social and labor relations.

The scientific task. The goal of this paper is to work out principles for the framework of standards development in blockchain and smart contracts to be used in the sphere of social and labor relations. Based on this, the following tasks are singled out: definition of labor relations specific features and their reflection in the blockchain; incorporation of labor contracts requirements into the system of smart contracts; determination of mechanisms of blockchain platform data application during social and labor relations management.

Methodological base of this research is the approaches to standardization of activities and relations in ISO.

The information base is the standards worked out by the Russian and international technology committees, as well as regulations in the sphere of blockchain uses and scientific publications in this field of knowledge.

Main results. The paper presents a model of the structure of the environment for establishment and conduct of social and labor relations on a blockchain platform. The role of blockchain and smart contracts in this sphere is explained. Moreover, the article provides recommendations on the areas for further standardization of the use of technology in social and labor relations.

Conclusions. The proposed recommendations may be used by developers and researchers who are working on the integration of blockchain in new areas of public life. Guarantees of social and labor relations,  satisfaction of the participants, and the results of work depend on how well the blockchain platform is organized and its smart contracts are specified. This work requires highly qualified professionals, clear algorithms and standards for the preparation and integration of blockchain and smart contracts.

The article provides a theoretical review of concepts and theories, research in the use of professional expert communities. The formulation of the concept is given, its features are highlighted in comparison with other similar forms of peoples self-organization. A preliminary analysis of the investigated subject field showed that at present there are no conceptual and methodological grounds for considering the category of “professional expert community”, their significance in the system of economic relations has not been determined. Work was done to study the experience of a number of companies in using professional expert communities in their activities. The basic necessary conditions for the effective work of communities and their participants are highlighted. Purpose is to identify the positive effect of the use of professional expert communities within the organization. Methods: analysis of scientific literature, analysis of the practice of using professional communities to solve organizational problems. Scientific novelty: the applied synthesis of theoretical and practical methods allowed the authors to determine the conceptual foundations of professional expert communities within the organization, to identify and justify the positive economic effect of the introduction and development of professional expert communities in the enterprise. Results: An analysis of the experience of successful companies showed that expert professional communities are a subject whose actions and activities can have a significant effect on the company. But in order to achieve this effect, well-coordinated management work is needed to translate the experts’ potential into an activity channel.

Young employees of an industrial enterprise are a special category of personnel whose level of satisfaction and involvement is subject to changes. Factories need to recruit more and more young people, their attitude to the organization will largely determine the prospects for their long-term employment. In this regard, it is necessary to understand clearly the motivational structure of youth in the enterprise, to assess the effectiveness of its activities in the field of youth policy. Methodological base of the research. Howe and Strauss generation theory. Yadov and Zdravomyslov’s concept of young workers’ job satisfaction. Sverdlovsk sociologists’ writings concerning employees’ job satisfaction at Sinarsky pipe plant. Method of research. The article presents the results of a sociological study of the young workers’ attitude, their view of the company, as well as measures to implement systematic work with young people in an industrial enterprise. Key methods: questionnaire survey of young workers and in-depth interview the heads of the youth shopfloor councils. The object of the study: young employees of PJSC "Sinarskiy pipe plant" and their attitude to certain aspects of work in the company. 410 young employees of the enterprise were interviewed, 9 interviews were conducted. Research results. The assessment of the level of satisfaction with the work of young employees of the enterprise as a whole, and in certain areas was conducted. The system of values of young workers is analyzed, priorities in it are allocated, and it is shown that key values of the working youth do not possess pronounced specificity in comparison with other generations of the personnel. The attitude of young people to the existing programs in the organization and departments of work with young workers is studied. It is highlighted that the attitude is heterogeneous in relation to representatives of different levels of management. The article describes the priorities that can be implemented by the company to ensure a high level of satisfaction with the work of young employees associated with the provision of opportunities for staff development. Summary. The attitude to the work of young workers in the company does not depend on the generation; in general, they show a high level of involvement and satisfaction on general. The experience of PJSC "SinTZ" in the organization of work with young employees, which was analyzed in the research, can be taken into account, adjusted, and supplemented by any other company.