Federal taxes and levies of the Russian Federation: problems and perspectives of development

Abstract

Subject. The subject of the research is the assessment of the status of federal taxes and levies in the Russian Federation, identification of the existing problems and possible solutions in the area of the discussed topic. Purpose. Tracking of features and specificity of federal taxes and levies according to their classification criteria. Method and methodology. In the study, the author applied such techniques as an exploratory method, system analysis method, comparative method, method of consolidation and other methods. By using these methods, the author assembled and processed the necessary theoretical and practical material for the study. In particular, the author analyzed the Russian experience of formation of tax revenues of the federal budget, introduced performance indicators of the studied taxes and levies, identified a share for each federal tax and levy. In addition, proposals for solution of the identified problems, aimed at enhancing their relevance were developed. Results. Federal taxes and levies are a major source of the State revenue, which is interested in the correct approach to the formation of tax policy. The author notes that if the tax or levy has federal status, then this indicates that it is governed by federal tax laws, but may be distributed among the budgets of the budget system, such as excise tax. The aim of this work is to develop proposals and measures to strengthen the tax component of the federal budget. The author proves the feasibility of improving tax legislation regarding the examined taxes. Opportunities to increase income from federal taxes and levies in the federal budget are identified. The current tax practice among federal taxes and levies for the formation of the federal budget, the largest value is assisted by two taxes: value-added tax and a tax on mineral extraction, because the 85% is approximately the sum of all tax revenues. All other federal taxes and charges are less significant. Growth tax potential at the expense of other federal taxes and levies is possible by removing the cyclical fluctuations in the economy, the presence of a high tax culture in the country, competently conducted work of tax authorities.